2024 Author: Howard Calhoun | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-17 10:16
Modern refineries and fuel-producing enterprises actively use special tanks for storing oil and oil products. It is these containers that provide quantitative and qualitative safety. After reading this article, you will learn about the existing varieties of such storages.
Classification of storage tanks for oil and petroleum products
Depending on the location, all currently existing tanks can be divided into:
- underwater;
- underground;
- ground.
In addition, depending on the material used for the production of containers, they can be classified into synthetic, reinforced concrete and metal. The most popular of all the categories listed above are ground and underground metal tanks for storing oil and oil products (photo will be attached below). Thesechemical and corrosive resistant containers must be airtight enough to preserve the product.
How are these containers arranged?
All such storage facilities must have a bottom, a hull and a roof. In addition, the tanks are additionally equipped with mid-flight stairs, hatches for various purposes, fences, racks, stiffeners and other elements. Most of the small containers, the volume of which does not exceed 50 cubic meters, are produced in the factory. Already in the process of installation, they are understaffed with the necessary operational equipment.
Other tanks for storing oil and oil products, the dimensions of which do not allow them to be transported in assembled form, are delivered to the installation site in the form of separate ready-made elements (prefabricated) or in rolls with missing installation parts. This category includes vertical metal containers, the volume of which is up to 100 thousand cubic meters.
It is impossible to ignore the roof of such vaults. The construction of tanks for the storage of oil and oil products involves the installation of a floating, breathing or fixed roof. In the process of choosing this most important element, it is necessary to take into account not only the volume of the container, but also the characteristics of the product stored in it, as well as the climatic conditions of the area in which it will be installed.
Steel vertical tanks forstorage of oil and petroleum products
GOST 31385-2008 establishes the basic requirements for the design, production, installation and testing of such containers. Vertical storages are characterized by the greatest capacity in comparison with other analogues. The volume of such containers varies between 400-50,000 cubic meters. To form their walls, a special sheet steel with sheet or roll arrangement is used. The required degree of rigidity of the finished structure is achieved due to the presence of stiffeners. Several types of roofs are suitable for such vaults, including pontoon, floating, spherical, conical and flat.
Among other things, such tanks for storing oil and oil products are additionally equipped with receiving and distributing pipes, several valves and auxiliary hatches. To reduce the loss of oil products due to evaporation, storage facilities are made from thermal insulation materials.
Main features of horizontal tanks
Such tanks for storing oil and oil products are smaller in capacity. They can be installed on the ground or on special concrete supports. In addition, they are allowed to be dug into the ground to a depth of no more than 1.2 meters.
Quite often such containers are used not only for storage, but also for transporting oil over long distances. For transportation, the tanks are installed on special railway platforms. Such repositories are made fromsteel sheets connected by welding seams. Such containers have a cylindrical, conical or flat bottom. Additionally, they are equipped with nozzles for issuance, necks for pouring, viewing windows and valves.
Plastic containers: is it possible?
Relatively recently, plastic tanks for storing oil and oil products have appeared. They have a square shape, which greatly facilitates the process of transportation, and are characterized by low capacity. This is due to the low strength of the walls, for the manufacture of which a special type of plastic is used. The volume of such storage facilities does not exceed five cubic meters, so they are of little use for industrial scale use. To give the walls greater strength, they are reinforced from the outside. Such containers are equipped only with pressure valves, nozzles for dispensing and filling necks. The absence of the need for viewing windows is explained by the fact that light translucent plastic is used for the production of such vaults.
Design features of underground tanks
Double-walled underground tanks are used for storage and distribution of fuel and lubricants. The maximum durability and reliability of such tanks is ensured due to the fact that the space formed between the outer and inner walls is filled with a liquid having a lower density than that of the stored substances. Toto prevent the possible occurrence of an air lock, the tanks are equipped with breathing valves. The outer walls of the tank are covered with a two-component polyurethane dielectric anti-corrosion paint.
Steel double-walled underground tanks meet all generally accepted standards, so they have been actively used for many decades to store liquids that can harm groundwater.
What kind of storage tanks for petroleum products are used at modern gas stations?
Almost all gas stations are equipped with steel tanks for storing fuel materials. The tanks themselves can be located both above and below ground. One of the most important problems that the management of all modern gas stations is concerned about is the issue of minimizing losses in the process of fuel storage. Most of the losses occur due to evaporation, which largely depends on the design features of the tanks and on the temperature in them. That is why today more and more often at gas stations you can see underground storage facilities that provide a more stable temperature regime and allow you to minimize fuel evaporation. The use of such tanks not only improves financial performance, but also has a beneficial effect on the environmental situation in the area adjacent to the gas station.
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