2024 Author: Howard Calhoun | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-17 10:16
As planned according to the schedule in 2017, a milestone event took place in early December, the first liquefied gas from Yamal LNG OJSC was shipped to the mainland. The button for the start of gas shipment was pressed by the main initiator and inspirer of this large-scale project - our President Putin V. V. Not everyone believed in this idea, but there were people who took a chance and eventually won - Vladimir Vladimirovich said so at the final conference.
Interim results and reviews of Yamal LNG specialists
In December 2017, the first phase of the construction of the plant was launched, one more phase will be launched in 2018 and 2019. After that, the fourth one will be built - completely on Russian technologies. According to experts, the demand for gas in the world will only grow, and in 20 years consumption will grow by approximately 40%, and specifically LNG - by 70%. Interest in liquefied gas is so great that the chief director of the most powerful national Saudioil company Saudi Aramco. What might be of interest to a company from Saudi Arabia, the world's main gas supplier in northern Russia? Of course, our next possible gas project in the Arctic is Arctic LNG-2. The Saudis do not hide their interest in cooperation in financing and developing the field. The launch of an expensive, unique complex in the town of Yar-Sale in Yamal is an epoch-making event on a global scale. It is no secret that our country, our strategic oil and gas companies are subject to sanctions, including on technology and the supply of equipment. It is all the more valuable that in such harsh conditions the first stage of the project was completed on time and, surprisingly for our country, the initial estimated cost was not exceeded. This caused a lot of positive feedback about Yamal LNG. By the way, the Americans have not yet been able to launch a similar project in Alaska.
History of OAO Yamal LNG
Yamal and adjacent territories are leaders in Russia in terms of explored gas reserves. Today, more than 20% of Russian gas is located in Yamal, so local deposits are destined to be the main areas for the extraction of this fuel. 12 years ago, Yamal LNG OJSC was established, where the shareholders were Novatek - 60% of the shares, Total - 20% of the shares and CNPC - 20% of the shares. Novatek recently sold a 9.9% stake to the Silk Road Fund, but retained a controlling stake of 50.1%. The main construction started in 2012year. The total investment for all three phases of the complex is $27 billion.
Technologies of the integrated gas production, liquefaction and sales scheme
Yamal LNG contractors implemented an integrated approach to the project of a Russian gas producing company. In Sabetta, a tiny settlement of the local Nenets people, the first shift workers appeared in 1980. But the development of the village and adjacent territories received only with the development of the project. The construction of a sea port, a gas liquefaction plant, a modern Sabetta airport and the Sabetta village itself, where more than 20,000 people already live, has begun.
Gas from wells through pipes laid above the ground goes to the gas liquefaction plant. At the plant, gas condensate (liquid impurities), methanol and other foreign fractions are separated from the gas. Purified, ideally dry gas goes to liquefaction and then through pipes to storage facilities and tanks. There are four of them, 160,000 cubic meters each. The heart of each stage of the plant is a cryogenic plant (it directly liquefies gas) - the most complex equipment, with more than 40 kilometers of pipes alone. Gas condensate also finds its use, it is sent to special tanks and the corresponding tankers transport the condensate to consumers.
Seaport of the Yamal LNG company
The unique sea port of Sabetta has been built for the shipment of liquefied gas. It is a key link in the technological chain and the main base of the transport hub fordevelopment of oil and gas fields in Yamal and the Gulf of Ob. The port has already provided navigation along the Northern Sea Route all year round. The port of the Yamal LNG company Sabetta is the gateway to the Arctic, it is a key link in the construction of the facility under construction.
Transportation of liquefied natural gas
According to reviews, when Yamal LNG reaches its design capacity, it should ship 16.5 million tons of liquefied gas (5.5 million tons each line). To transport such impressive volumes of gas, a whole fleet of unique vessels will be created from fifteen specially designed reinforced icebreaking tankers with a capacity of 173,000 cubic meters each. A contract for the supply of gas carriers worth more than $5 billion was signed with shipbuilders from South Korea. The lead tanker, which has already loaded and left for customers, bears the name of Christophe de Mangenie, the name of the president of Total, who tragically died in 2014. In many respects, this is the merit of the president of the company - that, despite the sanctions, the French Total remained in the project. Their knowledge, experience and technology are very important in construction. According to the plan, at the end of 2018, ten gas carriers should be loaded monthly. The loading time of one ship is about 20 hours.
Key consumers
Under the contract, part of the gas will be purchased by the founders of the joint-stock company - Total and CNPC. Among the buyers: "daughter" of Gazprom, Singaporean, Spanish, British, Indian, French companies. Moreover, 96% of future deliverieshave already been contracted and it is known that 70-80% of liquefied gas will go to the countries of the Asia-Pacific region. So far, Russia has a small share in the global LNG trade. But, if all the planned projects are implemented, we will become a significant player in the market, and we will be reckoned with. We will not reach the level of the world's largest LNG supplier - Qatar, but we are quite capable of becoming one of the world leaders. The President of Novatek said that the launch of Arctic LNG-2 in 2022-2023 is real.
Arctic fields stimulate Russia's development
According to experts, the development of deposits in the Yamal Peninsula, Gulf of Ob, Gydan Peninsula will be the driver of growth in the Russian economy. As Mendeleev said in the 19th century: "The we alth of Russia will grow in Siberia," so now the we alth of our country will grow in the Arctic. After all, the development of these territories will require scientific research and technology from many research institutes throughout the country, and many enterprises and companies in Russia will be loaded with orders. Moreover, in the context of sanctions, there is a forced import substitution, which ultimately turns out to be good for us.
Special building technology
The stages of the construction of the Yamal LNG plant show that, despite the fact that sanctions certainly affect financing and technological support, Russia has found alternative financing and has been able to create the necessary equipment on its own. In order to mount and run the plant under conditionspermafrost, unique technologies are required. Even the attracted foreign experts in the construction of such projects were often unable to help. The plant is assembled from giant modules, there are more than 300 of them. Modules are created on the mainland, their weight reaches tens and hundreds of tons. These superblocks are transported by special vessels; a heavy-duty berth has been created for unloading, which can withstand a load of more than 10 tons per 1 sq. meter. A plant is assembled from the modules on site. Due to the permafrost, the entire installation of the modules is carried out on sites installed on piles, going down tens of meters.
Since there is no communication with the mainland in Yamal, except by sea and air, everything here is autonomous. There should be own generation of energy and heat. A GTPP with a capacity of 370 MW of electricity and 150 MW of thermal energy is under construction. Even the trains that will soon run by rail to Sabetta will be the only ones in the world to use LNG as fuel.
Sabetta - the village of shift workers
Today, in terms of population and living conditions, Sabetta is no longer a village, but a city. Initially, the name of the settlement was Sabeta (with one "t"), then it was somehow Italianized. In the 1990s, when the number of drilling and exploration works was greatly reduced, the population of the village fell to a few dozen people. But since 2012, with the start of the construction of the Yamal project, the population has grown rapidly, and the village has turned into a city. In the conditions of permafrost, decent conditions have been created for the work and rest of the employees of the gas production company. Most of the people living here work on a rotational basis, and living conditions are specific: work-home, work-home. The house is a hostel with rooms for 4-8 people. Living conditions are decent, spacious canteens, large gyms and gyms for those who still have the strength after a busy shift. For all strict prohibition, violated - "goodbye", to the mainland.
Prospects for Yamal LNG and other Arctic projects
The events taking place now in Yamal happen once in a hundred years. The significance of the development of the project is comparable to the development of Western Siberia 50-60 years ago. It is necessary to take into account the ever-increasing role of LNG in the global gas balance. Due to the fact that the fastest growing markets are located in the countries of the Asia-Pacific region, it is often simply impossible to organize pipeline gas supplies to these countries. According to experts, if all the plans outlined by our gas producers come true, by 2030 Russia's share of the global LNG market could reach 15%. And all the Yamal fields can reach the volume of 70 million tons of liquefied gas. Even now, reviews of Yamal LNG are the most enthusiastic. According to the project, the port of Sabetta will reach a cargo turnover of 30 million tons in a few years. Already today, thanks to the construction of a year-round port on Yamal, the volume of traffic along the northern sea route has doubled. In addition to the products of the gas industry, the port will also handle other cargoes needed for the northern territories. Of course, it will also be used in the interests of the Russian Ministry of Defense, that is, it is of strategic importance.
Vacancies on shift
The Yamal LNG plant is developing and, of course, specialists are required for the production being built. Engineers, workers, operators of various speci alties are required. Salary starts from 85,000 rubles, for leading specialists - 2-3 times more. Yamal LNG contacts: Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, Yamal district, Yar-Sale village.
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