2024 Author: Howard Calhoun | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-17 10:16
We are so accustomed to all the benefits of civilization: we can’t imagine how you can quickly heat water without an electric kettle, wash a large amount of laundry, vacuum, or can lonely people not watch TV? Through ordinary wires, a current (220 W) flows to us, thereby ensuring our normal life. But there are electrical appliances and systems that do not require maximum voltage to operate. For such devices, other wires are connected, which together are called the "low current system".
What is a low current system?
The existing low-current system, which is also called information, provides current for objects that transmit certain information to a person: Internet, cable TV, video surveillance, telephony, any type of alarm, various video wires. In such systems, the voltage of the currents is in the range from 12 to 24 volts. Such currents, unlike power ones, are also called information currents.
What low current systems should be like
The main requirements for low current networks are:
- High reliability - although the currents have a small force, safety must not be forgotten in any case. Cables must be connected and run in a safe manner, insulated and inaccessible to many people.
- Correct operation - during installation, the low current system must be checked for various errors and failures. This takes into account both the electrical and automatic parts.
- Scalability - since such systems are installed in rooms with different squares, they should easily reach any corner of the house or office. To do this, you need to calculate the cable footage in advance, think about where and how the objects involved in providing information to a person will stand.
- Low cost - these systems are easy to install and use. Due to the correctly selected connection point, the number of network objects, you can save money that could be spent on cable meters.
Types of information networks
As already mentioned, there are many items serving us that are powered by a low current system. The wires connected in the systems perform their functions in order to help users live more comfortably and calmly. According to their purpose, they are divided into:
- Household systems. These are connected objects that we use every day - television, telephony, intercom, Internet,radio, alarm. Today, all these networks are more or less relevant to us. Using the cable, we can keep abreast of all the events in our native country and beyond. Telephone wires provide the ability to communicate and connect to the Internet. The video surveillance network helps to reproduce the picture and sound smoothly, which is very important for control and surveillance workers. At the same time, cameras can be connected both small and large, powerful. Indispensable in private ownership is a low-current system that provides warning in case of illegal entry of someone or a fire - it is called an alarm. Here, special sensors are connected to the wires, which are triggered by a break in the circuit or movement.
- Commercial systems. These include: telephony, the Internet, different types of signaling, local area networks, automatic accounting of energy resources, intercoms, some structured cable systems. Low current systems provide uninterrupted operation for commercial establishments. Maintenance of low-voltage systems in offices is carried out by specialists working directly in this organization or in specialized firms.
What are systems made of?
Systems designed for a specific task are equipped differently.
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design of low current systems Local area networks combine the work of several objects and means for the exchange of information. This can be the coordinated simultaneous operation of a modem, printer,saved files, anti-hacking software, network databases, and so on.
- Structured cabling systems (SCS) provide ease and speed of all constituent elements. When low-voltage systems are being designed, specialists make sure that SCS contain various types of networks: information, security and fire, telephone, as well as the necessary equipment for them.
- In telephony, with the help of low-voltage systems, automation of telephone exchanges is provided. Here a reliable connection is created between subscribers through cable networks and special programs.
- Nobody thought about the fact that world time is also provided by low-current clock systems. Here, the composition includes the main element - the master clock and the secondary clock. World time is monitored by only one atomic clock, which is ultra-precise. Through a signal to the GPS satellite, they transmit the exact time to a radio receiver closely connected to the master clock. Through broadcasting, we learn the time and set it on the secondary clock.
What are the advantages of low current systems?
A properly designed low-current system allows us to use information without feeling any inconvenience. On the contrary, with the development of science, we have made our life and access to information so much easier that we can already get what we want with one movement of the hand. Networks give us the opportunity to uninterruptedly watch satellite television, with the help of them we have access to telephone, Internet, radio. ExceptThis, with the help of networks, you can control access to objects by installing gates and barriers, feel safe by installing a fire and security alarm system, as well as video surveillance. Such systems fill the basic needs of a person, because security is, first of all, confidence in the future and peace.
Compliance with the rules when laying cables
Since laying cables is a serious and unsafe business, you need to carefully plan and calculate where they will go. In addition to engineering and design work, it is necessary to take into account the basic rules for laying. The main and main rule is the separation of power cables from low-current information networks. In addition, localized electromagnetic interference must be avoided. If these rules are not taken into account, power wires will interfere with the continuous operation of items that provide low-voltage engineering systems. For the correct laying of cables, there are basic regulatory documents, where all the nuances are described step by step.
How to mount a network?
Specialists know that even before laying the cables of the network, its project must be prepared. It clearly needs to indicate the location of the low-current shield, relays, sockets and some other components of the system. Particular attention is also paid to approved standards and rules for pulling and securing cables. Working as an installer of low-voltage systems requires a deep knowledge of the required cable sizes, its types, sockets for connecting wires to objects,transmitting information, and to the network.
It is necessary to strictly observe the distance between power and low-current cables - at least 0.5 m, and they must be located in parallel. Cables should be used only solid, splicing is unacceptable. It happens that it is no longer possible to place the cables in hidden wiring, so the network wires must be 15 mm away from the telephone cable (if the length is 10 m). It must always be remembered that the network wiring must be protected from various weather conditions and damage. The junction box is also placed in the right place, away from openings, windows and doors. All low-current cables must be grounded using a special bus, which consists of copper conductors.
Types of cables during installation
Different types of cables are used for each information device. Telephony is provided by a network of category 3 cables. The uninterrupted operation of computer networks occurs through the use of fiber-optic cables of the 5th and 6th category. The brand of wires is also important. When choosing a specific cable, you need to consider its scope, composition, technical characteristics, fire safety.
Who can design and install low current systems?
Naturally, not every person can mount low-voltage systems. Moscow abounds with good specialists in this industry. Qualified workers will qualitatively and competently lay the network, because communication depends on it,durability of systems, reliability of signal transmission, safety of equipment in use.
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