Wagons: types of wagons. Classification of cars in Russian Railways trains

2024 Author: Howard Calhoun | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-17 10:16

Wagons are a unit of rolling stock designed to transport people or transport goods. In this regard, they are divided into cargo and passenger. In addition to railway, there are also passenger cars designed for subways. Each of these types is represented by several types and models, providing different conditions of transportation.

Passenger cars on Russian Railways trains

Passenger cars are designed to transport people. The types of carriages here are as follows: general (seated 1st and 2nd class), reserved seat, compartment, SV (Lux) and Premium (VIP), and you should also specify a dining car, luggage and mail. Additionally, there are several categories that indicate the presence of certain advantages. And, of course, the service class can be different.

Cars without berths

Let's take a closer look at the carriages carrying passengers directly. The types of wagons depend on the conditions created in them. The seated one is equipped with armchairs arranged in rows with a passage in the middle, which makes the cabin look like an airplane. Hard seats can be installed in suburban traffic, soft seats in interregional traffic. There are only 10 seats in the first class, more spacious andmore additional services are provided than in business or economy classes, where there can be 43-68 seats.

The common car is a reserved seat, but people ride in it sitting three on each lower shelf, the upper ones are simply not used or are not available at all. Seated and general at the same time are inconvenient for long trips. Other types of passenger cars provide for the presence of berths, so they are more suitable for such purposes.

Sleepers

A reserved seat passenger car provides open compartments for passengers, on one side there are two lower and two upper seats, and on the contrary, through the aisle, there are also 2 side (also upper and lower). Under the lower seats there is a place for luggage. There are two folding tables - in the open compartment and on the side seats.

Compartment cars are divided into 9 4-seater compartments with sliding doors that can be locked. Each compartment has a pair of upper and lower berths, luggage compartments under the lower seats, a folding table and a radio. Bed linen and towels are also provided. Additionally, air conditioning can be provided. Soft cars are the same compartment cars, but more comfortable and convenient.

Luxury sleeping cars

SV (or "Lux" passenger car) are also divided into 9 compartments, but with two berths, usually lower. Otherwise, the coupe equipment is similar to the usual one, but provides more comfort. Air conditioning is a must.

Premium class carsdivided into 4-5 large compartments with different layouts, furnished for a comfortable journey. For example, they can be with a folding sofa bed or a double bed. It often provides not only a place to store luggage and a table, but also an armchair, dry closet, washbasin, shower, air conditioning, wardrobe, TV, DVD and WiFi. One of the compartments can also contain a salon-bar. Sometimes there is only one shower for the whole car. A number of additional services are included in the price: linen, newspapers, snacks and drinks, as well as toiletries. The compartment is designed for 1-2 people, but in any case, the whole compartment is purchased, without sharing.

Freight wagons

Freight trains are designed to carry out cargo transportation by rail. Since a variety of goods and substances can be transported, wagons are also selected according to the nature of the cargo. The types of cars characterize the main properties, and the features are implemented in specific models. Different types and models are each designed for certain categories of cargo, have a different body structure, differ in loading and unloading methods, and provide a certain degree of safety.

Main types of freight wagons

Cars differ both externally and in their characteristics and capabilities. Among the most popular are the following types of freight cars: covered, gondola cars, platforms, tanks, hoppers, isothermal and refrigerated, thermoses. They may differ in shape, linear dimensions, volume, floor area, load capacity and tare weight.

The most simple wagons

Covered wagons structurally consist of a frame with a floor, perimeter walls and a roof. For loading and unloading doors are provided in the side walls. They allow you to transport goods, protecting them from precipitation and other adverse external influences. Such a freight wagon can carry both piece goods and grain, cars and even animals. Usually load capacity is 25-72t.

Gondola cars consist of a frame with a floor and walls, but without a roof. Often they transport minerals, metals, timber. Gondola cars intended for the transportation of bulk cargo may have additional hatches in the floor or walls to simplify unloading. Loading is carried out from above. There is usually no weather protection, but there are options with a removable roof. Four-axle vehicles carry 22-75 tons, while eight-axle ones provide a load capacity of 69-130 tons.

Platforms are designed for transportation of containers, long cargo, metal structures, machinery, equipment, machinery, timber and bulk cargo, which do not need to be protected from atmospheric precipitation. Load capacity reaches 70-73t.

Wagons for specific cargoes

Tankers are somewhat specific wagons. Types of wagons are sometimes similar in appearance, but these are most often cylindrical in shape with one or more hatches on top. They have increased tightness, as they carry liquid bulk cargoes, as well as powdered substances and liquefied gases. Additionally, tanks can be equipped with a heat-insulating coatingor even equipment for heating the cargo, and special devices are installed for control. Four-axle trucks have a carrying capacity of 60-65 tons, while eight-axle ones carry up to 120-125 tons.

Hoppers are special-shaped wagons, wider at the top and slightly tapering at the bottom, designed for bulk cargo like grain, fertilizer, cement, ore, coal, etc. From below they are equipped with a hatch, and the shape contributes to self-unloading. They can be open or closed, with loading hatches on the roof. Lifting capacity up to 70 t.

Cars with special temperature conditions

Isothermal covered wagons are equipped with thermal insulation based on polyurethane or polystyrene foam, cooling system and forced air circulation system. They allow you to transport perishable products, as they maintain the required temperature.

Thermos transport non-perishable food products in bags and containers, as well as some perishable goods, maintaining a certain temperature regime created during loading for a long time.

Refrigerated trucks provide transportation of perishable goods that can be stored for a long time only at low temperatures. They do not just keep the temperature, like thermoses, but cool or heat the space inside the car to the desired temperature. Designed for 25-40 tons.

Variety of freight car models

It should be noted that there is a wide range of various models that provide all types of cars. Tanks, for example, many types with differentdesign and additional features. There are such cars for milk, gasoline, alcohol, oil products, pesticides, powders, liquefied gases, acids, etc. And each cargo requires compliance with a number of conditions, which affects the appearance and arrangement of the tank. The same is true for other types of wagons.

Types of subway cars

Own cars are also used for the subway. There are several types that are currently in use. For example, in the capital on the route there are such types of metro cars as the E series with modifications, the 81-717/714 series, Yauza (81-720/721), Rusich (81-740/741) and series 81-760/761. It is possible that earlier versions are used somewhere.

The E series was produced in the sixties, but is still used, including with modifications. There are 42 seats in the car, although the capacity is up to 270 people. Series 81-717/714 has been produced since 1977, provides 40-44 seats and is designed for 308-330 people. "Yauza" is even more modern: it has been produced since 1991, also providing 40-44 seats, and in general accommodating up to 330-350 people. Since 2002, Rusich has been produced, already providing 54-60 seats or 344-370 seats in total. The cars underwent a serious modernization in 2007-2008, as a result of which the model 81-717.6K / 714.6K appeared, which is more comfortable for the driver, equipped with a more efficient ventilation system, for which the best materials and technologies were used.