2024 Author: Howard Calhoun | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-17 10:16
In the general sense of the word, a service is such an activity or action that one person (both legal and physical) performs in the interests of another. In economic theory, this term denotes a type of good (not necessarily material) that can be simultaneously consumed, transferred and produced.
To better understand this phenomenon, to determine the subtleties of management in a particular area and to keep records, a classification of services was created. It is produced according to many indicators: by groups, types, prices, quality and others.
Classification of services helps to highlight how, for example, one type of service differs from another, what is its specificity. Each area has its own characteristics: in banking, consulting, advertising, legal, etc. Based on this, five types of services provided to the population are distinguished by industry:
1. Distribution. These are communication, trade and transport services.
2. Production. This includes engineering, leasing and services related to the repair of various equipment.
3. Mass (they are also called consumer). These are services related to different aspects of the household,spending free time.
4. Professional. These are the services of consultants, financiers, insurance companies, bankers.
5. Public. These are services related to education, culture, and the media.
In addition, there is a classification of services according to the direction of action on the object and according to their tangibility. It is the basis for non-material production. So, according to this principle, they distinguish:
1) Actions are tangible. They are aimed directly at the human body. These are services of passenger transport, sports facilities, he althcare, beauty salons, catering, hairdressing salons, etc.
2) Actions are also tangible, but directed at goods and various physical objects. This is the repair of all kinds of equipment and its maintenance, services of veterinarians, security, freight transport, etc.
3) Actions are intangible. They are aimed at human consciousness. This is primarily the media, cinema, theaters, museums, education.
4) Actions are intangible and affect the same invisible assets. These include the services of lawyers, insurance companies, consultants, banks, as well as transactions conducted with securities.
The current international classification of services is based on the one that was developed back in 1935. And only after more than twenty years it was officially adopted. Over the course of several decades, it was revised twice and was finally approved in 1979. Countries that took part in the signing of the Niceagreements, committed to use this classification when registering trademarks, and to indicate class numbers in official documents.
To study supply and demand, improve and develop in the public service industry, a service classifier was created. It is included in the Unified Coding System for Social, Economic and Technical Information and is constantly compared with existing international standards and norms.
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