2024 Author: Howard Calhoun | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-17 10:16
About 20 years ago, the vine in Siberian gardens was a rarity. Few knew how to grow grapes in Siberia, but it turned out to be grown by a few gardeners. Now this southern culture has firmly taken root in many areas: rich harvests of amazingly tasty, beautiful and he althy berries are obtained from it. The success of amateur vine growers inspires, more and more new gardeners join them every year, and the collection of varieties grown in Siberia is replenished with modern varieties with improved qualities.
Prepare a place for a newcomer from autumn
If you have a dream to grow a vine on your site, start with theoretical preparation for a new lesson. First you need to learn in detail about how to grow grapes in Siberia. It is necessary to prepare for the reception of a new culture in the fall. You should choose a place in the garden (the sunniest and most ventilated, dry) and prepare the site for planting: dig a trench 70 cm deep and wide, on the bottom of which throwbroken brick (for drainage), pour a 10 cm thick layer of coarse sand on top, fill the trench with a nutritious soil mixture of peat, sand, decomposed humus and soddy soil with the addition of complete fertilizer with microelements. Spill well with water - moist soil will freeze less. From above, cover the trench with straw, boards, cover with a film so that the soil does not freeze deeply and warms up faster in the spring. Grapes should be planted immediately in a permanent place, as it develops roots very quickly and a large number of small roots along the periphery. Transplanting a seedling that has begun to grow is not always a successful business, requiring considerable effort and caution.
Vine seedlings
Those who know how to grow grapes in Siberia are advised to start with early varieties, in which the clusters will have time to ripen in a short Siberian summer and the vine will ripen properly, which is necessary for wintering in a harsh climate. Be aware that seedlings grown from grape seed do not repeat varietal qualities. In order for care and work to be rewarded, do not purchase seedlings from unknown people. The best will be annual and biennial, obtained from cuttings, or layering seedlings that wintered in cool rooms. Obsolete varieties are unstable to diseases, the taste of small berries in small clusters is low. These are varieties such as "Rodina", "Alpha", "Pearl Saba", "Jubilee Novgorod", "Seedling Solovyov", "Madeleine Anzhevin".
Where to startgrowing grapes in Siberia?
After purchasing a seedling in early spring, immediately transplant it into a larger container filled with garden soil and sand. At the bottom of the pot, holes are required to drain excess water and a drainage layer. Place the seedling pot on the most lighted window sill, but not close to the glass. Insert a tall peg and tie a plant with a tag with the name of the variety to it. Water only dried soil with settled warm water. Gradually harden the plant, accustom it to fresh air and ultraviolet light. As soon as warm weather sets in, frosts pass, plant grapes with a clod of earth on the roots in a trench prepared in autumn. Install the trellis and tie the growing young vine to it.
New grape varieties for Siberia
"Kishmish Radiant" - large-fruited nutmeg, the best of the seedless varieties. Srednerosly, early medium (maturing period 130 days). Berries 22x18 mm in size, bunch weight up to 1 kg. High sugar content (about 21%) with slight acidity. "Rusball" - vigorous, with an early ripening period (from 115 to 125 days), productive, resistant to diseases, frost-resistant (up to -25 degrees). Clusters up to 1 kg, seedless white oval berries 18x16 mm, pleasant sweet taste. "Olga" ("Beauty of the North") - a large bunch with large pinkish-white berries, which are rich in folic acid. Disease resistant. "Rusven" is a very productive and early variety, with good ripening of shoots. Large berry, green-pink, with a bright nutmeg taste. "Golbena Nou" - early ripening, large-fruited, with amber-white berries of nutmeg aroma. The vine has time to ripen during the summer. The variety is disease resistant. "Tukay" - early ripening of white berries with a golden tan with a great nutmeg taste, a very productive variety. "Karmakod" - large elongated oval berries (red-blue), the taste is pleasant. Fruits in the second or third year.
Shelter vines for the winter
According to the advice of experienced gardeners who know how to grow grapes in Siberia, a novice grower does not need to do summer pruning of green shoots in the first 2 years. First, let the seedling grow freely, adjust to the climate, grow roots. Cut off flower ovaries without sparing. In autumn, before frost, grape bushes are covered for the winter without pruning, so that they are better preserved. The shoots are distributed on different sides of the trench and pinned, covered with a box 25 cm high on top, then a layer of dry straw is laid, covered with a film (or roofing material) - this is how the vine is prepared for winter. Throw snow on your cover.
Vine formation
Without proper pruning, you cannot get a good harvest of grapes. But it is difficult to talk about the existing bush formations in one article. Here is one way - an inclined one-sided cordon. In the first year they grow one powerful shoot. For the next spring, it must be cut to the length of the distance between the bushes and tied obliquely to the bottom wire of the trellis. After bud breakremove all shoots at a height of 20-30 cm from the base of the bush, leaving well-developed shoots above (every 20-30 cm). In the spring of the 3rd year, cut off all shoots to 2-3 eyes. In the 4th year, fruit links will form on these horns.
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