Alcoholic products are Basic concepts, classification, production and sale

2024 Author: Howard Calhoun | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-17 10:16

At present, alcoholic products are highly demanded alcoholic beverages. In this regard, cases of counterfeiting are constantly recorded, the use of which can lead not only to the development of a pronounced intoxication process, but also to death. This, in turn, is an incentive for continuous improvement of the quality control system for alcoholic products. Its main types, production methods and requirements for drinks are described below.

Concepts

According to current legislation, alcoholic products are drinks produced using ethyl or other alcohol. The content of the latter should be more than 0.5%, but only by the volume of the finished product. In addition, alcohol-containing liquids can also be used as raw materials.

Alcoholic products are drinks classified as follows:

1. Wine. Its strength varies within 9-16% of turnovers. For fortified drinks, this figure is higher - from 16 to 22% of turnover. Wine is obtained by partial or complete fermentation of grape juice.
2. Champagne. This is a sparkling drink that is obtained by the secondary fermentation of wine.
3. Alcoholic drinks. This group includes a large number of species. But the most prominent representatives are vodka and cognac. The first is a strong alcoholic drink with a specific taste and smell of alcohol. Vodka is the result of the fermentation of sugar and starchy ingredients. Cognac is an alcoholic product that is a type of brandy. The composition of the drink is represented by organic acids, alcohols, ethyl esters and various additives.
4. Liqueur wine. This is a fruit and berry sweet drink, the sugar content of which varies between 20-22%. Its strength is no more than 16% of turnovers.
5. Fruit wine. This is a low-alcohol drink with a minimum amount of sugar. During its preparation, any berries and fruits, except grapes, can be used.
6. Wine drinks. Their strength directly depends on how much alcohol the manufacturer adds to the raw material. They are only half made of wine. The rest of the ingredients are concentrates, water, colors, sugar and flavors.
7. Beer. This is a low-alcohol drink, the strength of which depends on the variety. It is obtained by alcoholic fermentation of m alt wort. Athops are usually added to this.
8. Cider. This is a low-alcohol drink that is the result of the fermentation of apple juice.
9. Poiret. Similar to apple cider. Pear juice is used as the base.
10. Mead. This is a drink whose ingredients are honey, water and yeast.

Thus, currently the alcohol market is characterized by the widest range.

Production

According to statistics, the most popular drinks are vodka, champagne, beer and wine. The table below describes the main stages in the production of alcoholic beverages in high demand.

Drink	Cooking technology
Vodka	Mixing water and purified rectified alcohol. Filtering liquid with fine sand. Activated carbon treatment. Carrying out additional manipulations if necessary (for example, flavoring or infusion). Bringing to the desired strength by adding water or alcohol. Bottling and shipping.
Champagne	Pressing harvested grapes using special presses. Wort fermentation in oak barrels or metal vats. Blending. This step is skipped only when preparing elite champagne. Second fermentation. At this stage, the liquid is bottled, yeast is added to it andsugar. Capped containers are sent to the wine cellar. Remuage (rotation of bottles around its axis). Holding. Degorging (disposal of sediment). Design bottles and send them for sale.
Beer	Obtaining m alt (barley soaking). Drying seeds with heat. Crushing m alt, diluting it with water. Obtaining wort by filtering this slurry. The dry residue is given to livestock feed. Boiling the wort with hops. Filtration followed by addition of yeast. Excerpt.
Wine	Grape harvesting and crushing. Adding yeast to the wort. Aged in oak barrels. Removing yeast residue. Clarification followed by oxygenation. Pasteurization. Bottling.

The technologies described above are classic. They are used in the manufacture of high quality products.

Requirements for manufacturers

Currently, the processes of preparation and sale are under strict control. This is due to the following: the production and circulation of alcoholic products have become so widespread that clandestine workshops and factories are increasingly being discovered.

Requirements for manufacturers:

1. The availability of a license for this particular typeactivities.
2. The company must produce no more than 5000 deciliters per year.
3. If an agricultural company is the producer, it must use its own raw materials.
4. Having an organizational form.
5. Business relationships with suppliers who sell ethyl alcohol derived exclusively from food raw materials.

Organizations whose activities are related to the production of alcoholic beverages must have specialized equipment. In particular, sensors with which you can find out the exact content of ethyl alcohol in a drink in a few seconds.

Labeling requirements

As mentioned above, the first thing you need to pay attention to when choosing a supplier is the availability of a license. Then you need to check the information printed on the secondary packaging or label. The sale of alcoholic products with label violations is prohibited.

What information is required:

1. Name.
2. View.
3. Name of the manufacturer, legal address of the organization.
4. Information about certification and declaration.
5. Producer country.
6. Volume.
7. Composition. In this case, absolutely all components that have a direct impact on the properties of alcoholic products must be indicated.
8. Place and date of production and bottling.
9. Contraindications.
10. Warning for Potentially Hazardous Ingredients.

The absence of any of the above items isa serious violation of the circulation of alcoholic products. Alcohol in such situations is often inedible, and all other additives pose a threat to he alth. In this case, severe sanctions are applied to counterfeit producers.

Certification

This term refers to the holding of events, based on the results of which one can judge the quality and consumer indicators. Since the turnover of alcoholic beverages is very high, certification for alcoholic beverages is a must.

At the end of the examination, a document is issued to the manufacturer. It confirms that the quality of the drink meets all the necessary requirements.

Retail Features

Each point of sale must contain the necessary documentation (certificates, declarations, certificates, invoices, TN). Its absence (even partial) gives reason to believe that alcoholic products are sold illegally in a retail store.

The sale of alcoholic beverages is prohibited late in the evening and at night. In some regions of the country, alcohol can only be purchased from 9 am to 9 pm. It is worth noting that local authorities can increase the duration of the ban, but they do not have the right to shorten it. Currently, the minimum interval is from 23:00 to 08:00 the next morning. During the ban period, it is allowed to sell beer with an alcohol content of less than 5% of turnover, cider, mead and poiret.

Places where implementation is prohibited by law:

• educational and medical institutions;
• markets;
• stops;
• public transport;
• sport facilities;
• military organizations;
• air and railway stations;
• territories for mass public events;
• areas near hazardous sources.

Failure to comply with the above conditions entails the imposition of administrative responsibility on the violator in the form of a large fine. In addition, the organization will have to suspend activities.

Features of wholesale

The intermediary can only supply goods to retail stores if they have a license. The document is valid for 5 years. To obtain a license, one must not only pass a series of serious checks, but also pay a fee of 800,000 rubles.

Wholesale involves the purchase of a large batch of drinks from the manufacturer with its subsequent storage in the necessary conditions. The lack of control over the temperature conditions in the warehouse is also a gross violation.

Accounting for alcoholic products

From 07/01/18 it is conducted by the piece. However, there is no single accounting standard. In this regard, each company faced the problem of its organization, which had to be solved in a short time.

Initially, alcoholic products should be reflected in accounting. All other actions must be carried out using special equipment (for example, a code generator, a scanner, etc.). In this casethe organization itself has the right to choose how to carry out accounting.

Regulatory framework

Federal Law No. 171 is a document that should be studied by both manufacturers and sellers of alcoholic products. Regulation is very strict.

The law does not apply to persons who prepare their own alcoholic beverages. But at the same time, the latter should not be intended for sale, but only for personal consumption. In addition, the law does not apply to products that are not in free circulation (for example, medicines containing ethyl alcohol).

In closing

At present, the range of alcohol is extremely wide. In this regard, the requirements for the production and sale of alcoholic beverages are constantly tightened. These processes are regulated by Federal Law No. 171.