Strength limit of materials - what is it?

2024 Author: Howard Calhoun | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-17 10:16

Mechanical properties of a metal or alloy, such as hardness, ductility, resistance to deformation, tensile strength or wear resistance, are the main criteria for choosing a material.

Any metal (as well as wood or plastic), which is under the influence of any loads, is not able to experience them indefinitely. Deformations and fractures occurring under the influence of various unfavorable media and various operating conditions must be taken into account in each specific case individually. For example, the addition of one or another element to the chemical composition of the alloy, the method of metal processing, the presence or absence of a hard chrome coating will allow the same material to show itself differently in different operating modes.

Ultimate strength for each material is determined both empirically and through complex mathematical analysis and testing in the laboratory. The use of various methods allows you to achieve the most accurate research results.

The data obtained are summarized in single regulatory documents - GOSTs, OSTs and reference books, whichused in the calculation and selection of the necessary material. The resistance of metals and alloys to all kinds of deformations and fractures, determined by such a mechanical characteristic as the tensile strength of steel or cast iron, composite, wood or plastic, affects the reliability and service life of the product.

The right choice of material and its rational use is inherently economically sound guarantee of safety and durability of the structure. In modern industry, any materials must have optimal characteristics. Ultimate strength, fatigue or yield strength, temporary resistance to bending or compression, torsion or tension should not exceed the allowable requirements and standards. Only slight deformation is allowed in the calculations.

If the acting load has exceeded the permissible tensile strength, the moment of destruction of the part, machine or structure comes. Thus, the wrong choice of material contributes not only to additional costs for repair or replacement of a mechanism or part, but also to the complete destruction of the entire structure.

The reliability of the structure as a whole, the duration of the operation of parts, machines and equipment depend on the indicators of temporary mechanical resistance. For example, the tensile strength of steel grade 45 in tension or compression, torsion or bending has optimal performance. It is this steel grade that is most often used for the production of parts and mechanisms that require increased strength characteristics.

Steel and cast iron used in construction,until a suitable replacement is found. Thanks to new methods for obtaining these metals and their modern processing, the use of these materials is becoming wider every year. Reliability, durability and optimal tensile strength - excellent performance.