2024 Author: Howard Calhoun | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-17 10:16
The Far Eastern Railway is the main passenger and freight artery connecting the center of Russia with the regions adjacent to the Pacific Ocean. At present, the importance of this highway is difficult to overestimate. More than a century of history of the Far Eastern Railway is of interest not only for enthusiasts, but also for everyone who cares about the past of our country.
Look into the past
The idea of building a new railway line arose a long time ago - communications were too stretched, delivery of goods to the remote lands of the empire was difficult. In 1886, the governors-general of Eastern Siberia and the Amur region put forward proposals to lay several railway lines from Tomsk and Vladivostok to remote settlements. By the middle of 1887, this proposal had already been considered at a meeting of ministers, and an engineering expedition was sent to the region of Southern Siberia to consider the possibility of this project and study the timing of its implementation.
Pioneer and Engineer
The Far Eastern Railway owes a lot to one of its first engineers. First builder's namethe Far Eastern highway turned out to be undeservedly forgotten. But it was Alexander Ivanovich Ursati who had the honor of being the first to travel all the long way from Grafskoye to Vladivostok. Making his way along the impassability in various ways to small villages and remote nomad camps, the engineer of communications built a route and studied the area along which the Far Eastern Railway would pass. Unfortunately, to date, not a single railway station has been named after him.
Project implementation
At first, the planned railway line was called Ussuriyskaya. It received this name from the large Ussuri River, which flows through the vast territory of the Primorsky Territory - from Khabarovsk to Vladivostok. Two sections of the highway were planned separately: the North-Ussuriyskaya branch covered the section from the station. Grafskoy to Khabarovsk. The southern section was planned to run from the same station to Vladivostok. The solemn laying of the first rail took place in 1891, in Vladivostok, in the presence of members of the royal family and representatives of the cabinet of ministers. The foundation stone of the Vladivostok railway station was laid by Tsarevich Nicholas, the future Emperor of Russia Nicholas II.
First sections
In 1892, Russia began the direct construction of railways. O. P. Vyazemsky, an experienced builder who had worked for about thirty years in various regions of Russia, was appointed head of the project. In some sections of the highway, work was instructed to be carried out by graduates of the St. Petersburg Institute of Railway Engineers. Forto supply the necessary materials, auxiliary dirt roads were laid, which later became important transport arteries for the entire Primorsky Territory.
The primary problem suddenly arose the question of providing construction with a labor force. There were too few local residents - they had to attract exiled prisoners and soldiers. By 1895, the number of people serving sentences for criminal and political reasons was about 11 thousand people. Stationary camps were created for them, consisting of barracks, premises for guards, baths, canteens and watchtowers. As for the soldiers, they were transported by sea along the long southern route from Odessa across the Atlantic and the Indian Ocean. The voyage took several months, accompanied by outbreaks of tropical epidemics. The final destination was Vladivostok.
Thanks to the selfless labor of soldiers and prisoners, by 1894 the South Ussuri branch of the road was put into operation, and three years later the northern section of the road was completed. The Far Eastern Railway, whose stations covered the Amur Region and the Far East, began to exist.
Railway stations
The original version of the old Ussuri road had 39 stations. Among them is Ruzhino station, founded by settlers from Ukraine, st. Manzovka (now Sibirtsevo), st. Busse, named after the Russian officer and explorer of the Far Eastern region N. V. Busse. Do not forget topographers and engineersbuilders: the sections from Khabarovsk to Bikin were named after L. M. Rozengard, V. S. Ilovaisky, V. V. Gedike. And at present, the Far Eastern Railway has 358 functioning stations on different sections of the track.
Economic and geographical characteristics of the Far Eastern Railway
Currently, the Far Eastern Railway has about 7,470 km of total track length, of which over 6,000 km are in constant operation. Geographically, this highway passes through the territory of five Far Eastern regions - the Amur Autonomous Region, the Jewish Autonomous Region, Primorsky, and Khabarovsk Territory, its branches are also in the Republic of Sakha. It extends its influence to other regions of the Far East. In total, over 40% of the territory of the Russian Federation is located in the zone of influence of the Far Eastern Railway.
The Far Eastern Railway borders at Khani Station with the East Siberian Railway, and at Shturm and Arkhara Stations it joins the Zabaiskalskaya Railway. Along its entire length, the paths are divided into four sections, which are supervised by various departments united under the auspices of the Far Eastern Railway. Khabarovsk - branch NOD1, Vladivostok - NOD2, Komsomolsk - NOD3, and Tynda - NOD4. In addition, the Far Eastern Railway is conditionally divided into two main directions - the northern latitudinal route and the main route. They are interconnected by small road sections of the path:Komsomolsk-Volochaevka-2, Tynda-Sturm, Izvestkovaya-Urgal. Such logistics allows you to form trains along the entire route.
Meaning of the Far Eastern Railway
The basic characteristics of the Far Eastern Railway give reason to consider it one of the main logistics and passenger highways in the region. Over the past 2015, over 42 thousand tons of various cargoes were transported along the Far East Railway, and about 5 thousand people used the services of the Far Eastern railway as passengers. The highway carries out transportation of domestic and international importance - entrepreneurs from Japan, Mongolia, Korea and China are interested in its uninterrupted operation, who sell their products on the territory of our country. Cargo traffic is managed from the Unified Dispatch Center located in Khabarovsk.
The Far Eastern Railway Artery rightfully occupies a leading position in the ranking of transportation of exported and imported goods, which account for about a third of the total number of cargo transportation in the Russian Federation and more than a quarter of transit transportation of imported products from other countries. Thanks to well-established logistics, the Far Eastern Railway Department reported that in 2016 it is planned to transport more than 116 million tons of cargo to the ports of the Pacific Ocean via the Far Eastern Railway. Favorable growth trends in trade turnover with our eastern neighbors make it possible to predict with confidence a significant increase in rail traffic in the very near future.
Management
As of 2015, the number of employees of the Far East Railway was over 40 thousand people employed in servicing this highway. This highway gives local residents jobs and confidence in the future.
The Department of the Far Eastern Railway is directly subordinate to Russian Railways and is its structural branch. N. V. Maklygin has been the head of the Far Eastern Railway since 2015. Under his leadership are all the working sections operated by the Far Eastern Railway. The office address of the Far East Railway is Komsomolsk-on-Amur, Khabarovsk Territory. Different territorial departments have their own leadership.
Providing security
According to the head of the Khabarovsk Department of the Far Eastern Railway, the prevention of the safety of the operation of tracks and trains of the Far Eastern Railway is a priority. In 2015, 18 emergencies were registered on the Far Eastern road network, in which three people died. All accidents occurred due to the fault of drivers driving vehicles and violating traffic rules.
The section of the route along the Nogliki-Korsakov line was chosen as the site for the security raid. To draw attention to the consequences of non-compliance with road safety rules, the railway workers put several cars wrecked as a result of the accident in a conspicuous place. Thus, railway workers tried to remind car owners of the risks,accompanying the driver when crossing railway tracks. In addition to employees, traffic police officers and representatives of the Transport Company Municipal Unitary Enterprise took part in the action.
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