2024 Author: Howard Calhoun | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-17 10:16
Surely each of us used payment instruments, in particular, de alt with ATMs. However, not everyone knows how they work. A modern ATM is not only a device for issuing cash. Through it, you can also replenish a bank account and make money transfers. But first things first.
When did it appear?
Such devices appeared about half a century ago. The first ATM was an ATM machine that could only dispense cash. And then there were no plastic cards. In order to withdraw money from such an ATM, users had to first receive special checks from the bank.
Today, this unit is a multifunctional device with modern hardware and software.
Varieties
There are several types of such devices in Russia:
- Recycle (the most modern, appeared recently).
- Cash-in (which accepts cash).
- Classic (work only for issuing money).
A modern ATM is a whole complex with many options. In fact, it replaces a bank office. We also note that these units do not include self-service terminals (although they have the same principle of working with banknotes as Cash-in devices).
How does it work?
A bank's ATM is a regular computer connected to specific peripheral devices. If you turn off one of them, the machine will not stop working. For example, when dismantling the receipt printer, the system will give a signal on the monitor, but will still work with the card in the normal mode.
If we talk about the main parts of the ATM, this is a safe and a technical unit. At the top of the latter there is a keyboard, card reader, monitor and receipt printer. Additionally, the device is equipped with a video surveillance camera. But usually banks prefer external supervision. This is necessary in case money is stolen from an ATM.
Software
Until recently, OS /2 was used as the base operating system. Now ATMs in St. Petersburg and other cities operate on the basis of Windows 7, 8, 10, etc. Among the software, it is worth highlighting the drivers for the operation of the main peripheral devices. Also, specialized banking programs are installed on this computer. The amount of software may vary. However, all these programs have the same task:
- data encryption;
- communication with the processing center of the bank;
- data transfer (these are codes, card details, transaction type andetc);
- Processing responses in real time.
Safe
It contains the most important thing - banknotes. In classic ATMs (including Alfa Bank) there is a dispenser in the safe. It is needed for a set of banknotes and forming them into a pack for cash dispensing. Banknotes are packed in special cassettes. Each has its own specific value. The dispenser usually holds four to six of these cassettes. Additionally, the safe has a reject. This is a dispenser for rejected banknotes. This cassette is designed for two thousand cash sheets. Note also that ATMs are programmed for a certain number of banknotes that come out through the presenter. Usually no more than 40 banknotes are passed through it.
A set of money from cassettes is carried out in several ways:
- mechanical;
- vacuum.
In the first case, special rubber wheels are used, which “lick off” the most extreme banknote that is in the dispenser. Then it is fed into the storage compartment by means of belts. With the vacuum method, suction cups are used to collect banknotes. Then the money goes into the presenter.
How is the amount of cash issued through an ATM? A bundle of banknotes is stacked in the storage compartment according to the client's request. Next, the shutter (special protective device) opens. After the client receives the required amount. We also note that if banknotes are not collected within 30 seconds, the system will automatically pull the bundle back and send it to reject.
Force Majeure
Sometimes it happens that banknotes when moving in the device are crumpled, torn or chewed by the straps. In these cases, the system generates an error and the ATM shuts down.
Electronic board
Each ATM safe has a special special electronics board. Thanks to it, the interaction between the dispenser and the system unit is carried out. The board also communicates with the keyboard and printer.
The system unit also has direct interaction. It communicates with the network card, which provides communication between the device and the bank's processing center.
Other highlights
In units with Cash-in technology, there are two modules:
- for cash;
- for issue.
The first contains several cassettes. So, one is for accepting cash, and the other is for rejected banknotes. Also, the unit can be equipped with several rejects. The cassettes themselves have two compartments. In the first one, money not taken by the client is dumped, and in the second - counterfeit or damaged banknotes. Above is a special detector. It is a module that checks banknotes for authenticity according to several criteria. Each bill passes through a narrow tunnel with numerous sensors. If the bill is counterfeit, the machine can "spit out" it. Money will not be credited in this case.
ATMs today
Recently, devices with deposit modules began to appear. They are,in addition to issuing and receiving money, they can accept material values and important documents for storage.
In order to carry out the operation, the bank's client is given an envelope. It indicates the date, time, card number, as well as other data for identification. After that, the necessary thing is put into the envelope, and it is sent to the deposit box.
Working time
The operating time of these devices is not always the same. It depends on demand. Usually this period is one to two weeks. But if the ATM is used frequently, the duration of work can be only a couple of days. Why not fill the cassettes to the maximum and thereby extend the period of uninterrupted operation of the device? The fact is that it is unprofitable for banks to spend a lot of cash on cassettes. After all, they will not work during this time (and some of them could go to issue loans, for example). Therefore, the cassettes are filled with only a certain amount. And when the money runs out, collection is made.
Conclusion
So, we found out what an ATM is and how it works. Today, this device greatly simplifies our lives, as it replaces almost an entire bank office. Most operations related to the issuance of cash and transfers can be carried out independently. In addition, on some devices you can replenish your account. It is very convenient.
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