Disk cultivators: characteristics and description

2024 Author: Howard Calhoun | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-17 10:16

To obtain a large and high-quality harvest, it is necessary to take care of the competent processing of the fertile layer of the earth. In achieving this goal, disk cultivators, which are one of the most popular types of agricultural equipment, will be of great help.

Purpose

Peeling - processing of the surface layers of the earth with complete or partial overturning of its deep layers.

Such a process allows you to solve several problems at once:

1. Destruction of weeds and nests of pests, insects.
2. Incorporation of plant residues into the soil, which enriches it.
3. Decrease in the rate of evaporation of moisture from the surface due to the appearance of shallow layers of earth.

The use of cultivators has found its place in many stages of cultivation of cultivated plants. They carry out pre-arable tillage, which greatly simplifies the cultivation process. They are also launched after the passage of disc and share plows in order to break up the largest clods of soil cover.

Description of equipment

There are two types of such equipment on the agricultural market - disc cultivators and plowshares. The second type is practically no different from plows of the same category, with the exception of the depth of penetration into the soil and the area covered during processing.

Disk equipment has a fundamentally different structure. In general, their design can be represented by two frames connected at a certain angle and supported by support wheels. Carriages are installed along the edges of each system, which support the cantilever bars of the unit.

Directly the working body is a concave disk with well-sharpened edges. It is located at an angle of 20-35 degrees in relation to the direction of movement of the equipment (angle of attack). Several cutting elements are combined into one section - a battery, which is hung and rigidly fastened to the frame. One cultivator usually includes 4 or more batteries.

Working principle

Before processing, disc cultivators are set up and brought into working position. As the disks move, under the weight of the structure, they cut into the soil cover, and lift it to the inner concave surface. Moving along it, the soil crumbles into small clods, partially turns over, and then falls and is diverted to the side.

Before starting the processing of the earth's surface, it is necessary to make sure that the geometry of the unit meets the operating conditions. Forthis mechanism is installed on a flat area and make sure that all discs touch the surface.

If there is a gap between some cutting edges and the earth's firmament, then check their radius. With large deviations from the nominal parameters (± 5 mm), then the disk is changed. Otherwise, the frame structure is inspected and aligned.

Disk cultivator adjustment

How deep disc cultivators will penetrate into the ground depends on the angle of attack. Therefore, the main adjustment is reduced to setting the optimal inclination of the cutting elements in the direction of travel.

To do this, change the length of the rods between the bars and the frame. The value of the angle of attack is set in accordance with the type of cultivated soil:

1. For hard dry soils it is about 35 degrees.
2. For a fertile layer of low density - 25-30.
3. To harrow or break clods, the angle should be 15-25 degrees.

The depth of penetration into the ground can also be adjusted by installing ballast. Everything is simple here: the greater the mass of the unit, the deeper the cutting elements will penetrate into the soil. During processing, it is necessary to monitor the strictly horizontal arrangement of the batteries.

Advantages of disc cultivators

The stubble disc cultivator owes its advantages to the original design, which, unlike the share units:

1. Processes the earth's firmament of any humidity and under any weather conditions.
2. Saves fuel byreduce friction while driving.
3. Gives cutting elements the ability to self-cleaning.
4. Significantly reduces the risk of damage to rims by simply rolling over them when obstructed.
5. Provides the same depth of penetration into the soil throughout the site.

Using disk equipment, it is possible to reduce the period of field work and the number of tillage operations several times by combining several operations in one process.

But such advantages are achieved only with the use of traction machines of sufficient power. The standard thrust value is 1.4 tons - it is enough to fully utilize the disc plough. MTZ equipment (tractors) is most often used as part of a processing complex.

Disk cultivator LDH

One of the types of units in demand in the agricultural sector of our country is the disc plough-harrow LDG 10, 10A and 15, which have some differences in design and technical characteristics.

Their design has no fundamental differences from the scheme presented above. The only exception is the presence of an overlapping disk battery, which is located in the alignment of two frames and processes areas not covered by other sections.

The peculiarity of the disc cultivator LDG 10 is its high maneuverability, which allows cultivating hard-to-reach areas of the field. The advantages of the mechanism include mobility - the device is easy and fastis brought into working position by hydraulic cylinders.

Device LDG 15 has a reinforced design and greater weight, which allows it to be used to work on a compacted soil massif with different composition, to break up soddy soil layers, to grind crop residues.

Harrow-cultivators "Dukat"

Mechanisms of Ukrainian production "Dukat" are also very successful. Due to their specific design, they are often called cultivator harrows, which is entirely confirmed by their functionality.

"Dukat" is used for processing fields with a large amount of plant residues. Passing along the earth's surface, it evenly distributes them in the soil, creating a nutrient basis for cultivated plants. Most often, the Dukat disc cultivator is used for:

• cultivating the soil before sowing grain, industrial and fodder crops;
• weed control;
• treatment of fields "for a couple" for winter plants;
• improving the quality of meadows, pastures, grazing areas.

Due to the more active use of herbicides to accelerate plant growth, recently, peeling equipment is used not to prepare fields, but to incorporate crop residues "saturated" with pesticides into the ground cover. At the same time, it is important that the depth be at least 10-15 cm, for which the Dukat devices are designed.

Cost of disc cultivators

The price of disc cultivators depends on several factors. The first of these isimplemented design. Some models are equipped with spring racks that support batteries, as well as other elements that significantly increase the life of the units. Obviously, such mechanisms will cost more.

On average, prices for disc cultivators for MTZ 80 start to grow from 389 thousand rubles. The maximum cost was observed in Ufa and Kazan. Here it amounted to about 800 thousand rubles. But here the products are offered by a large manufacturer - MTZ Trading House.