2024 Author: Howard Calhoun | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-17 10:16
Small hydropower is an environmentally friendly, safe way to generate electricity. Quite a few stations of this type have been built in our country. For example, near the city of Dubna, Moscow Region, there is the Ivankovskaya HPP, which is part of the Volga-Kama cascade.
Where is it located
This hydroelectric power station is located about 120 km north of Moscow on the banks of the Volga at the confluence of the right tributary of the Dubna. It got its name from a small settlement, next to which it was once built - Ivankovo. In the 60s of the last century, this village became part of the sprawling city of Dubna near Moscow.
Construction history
On June 15, 1932, the government of the USSR decided to build the Moscow Canal. The population of the capital at that time grew very rapidly. As a result, water shortages began to be felt in the city. The new artificial waterway, as conceived by the engineers, was supposed to connect the Volga and Moscow.
Among other things, during the construction of the canal, 7small hydroelectric power plants, one of which was Ivankovskaya. The construction of this hydroelectric power station began in 1932. In 1937, the first unit of the station was put into operation. In 1938, the second turbine began its work.
This station, like many other important industrial facilities of the country, was built at that time by political prisoners. They blocked the channel with a dam, and the floodplain with a dam. In the city of Dubna, next to the parking lot in memory of the builders of the station in 2013, a small stone was installed. It consists of two halves - marble and granite. Both of them used to be part of the monument to Stalin. This monument was demolished in Dubna in 1961
At the beginning of the Second World War - in the autumn of 1941 - the equipment of the Ivankovskaya HPP was dismantled and evacuated. In November 1941, the Germans tried to cross the Moscow Sea on ice. However, the staff of the Ivankovskaya station managed to discharge water. As a result, the level of the reservoir dropped and the ice began to burst. The passage of heavy equipment of the Nazis to Moscow became impossible.
After the Germans were thrown back from the capital, the hydraulic units of the Ivankovskaya station were returned to their place. At the moment, the outdated equipment of this HPP is being modernized. For 2018, for example, power transformers, generator excitation systems, and switchgears were replaced here.
Ivankovskaya HPP: construction of the station
This object is a low-pressure run-of-river station. Its waterworks includes:
- an earthen channel dam made of reclaimed sand with a length of300 m and a maximum height of 22.5 m;
- fill earth dam (left bank) 9135 km long and 12.2 m high;
- an eight-span concrete dam with a maximum height of 30m and a length of 219.5m;
- single-chamber single-line shipping lock.
The hydraulic structures of the Ivankovskaya hydroelectric power station, like many others in the country, have a freeway.
In the building of the HPP itself (semi-open type) are located:
- two hydraulic units with a capacity of 14.4 MW with Kaplan turbines PL 90-VB-500;
- hydrogenerators SV-800/76-60.
The pressure structures of the station form the Ivankovskoye reservoir, commonly called the Moscow Sea. This station generates power through a 110 kV outdoor switchgear.
Power Generation
Next, let's look at the main characteristics of the Ivankovskaya HPP. The maximum power of this power plant is 28.8 MW. This HPP produces 25 MW. On average, this facility generates about 119 million kWh of electricity per year.
The calculated head of the turbines of the station is 12.5 m. Moscow, the Uglich hydroelectric power station was built. After that, the actual head of water at the HPP in Dubna was 11.5 m.
Economic importance of the Ivankovskaya HPP
The canal's main functions are to provide water to the capital and water the Moscow River. There are also several large pumping stations operating here. They mainly receive electricity fromIvankovskaya HPP. Pumping stations provide water supply to the canal up to 100-120 m3/s. Also, this hydroelectric power station generates electricity for some industrial enterprises of the capital.
The water supplied from the Moscow Sea to the canal ensures proper water supply for the city and river navigation. For the entire period of its existence, the Ivankovskaya HPP has generated almost 10 billion kWh of electricity. Agree, it's solid!
In the Soviet years, on the channel to them. Moscow was visited by many passenger ships. On this waterway, people could travel along routes to Astrakhan, Yaroslavl, Rostov-on-Don. With the collapse of the country, subsidies for local ports were discontinued. At the moment, only tourist cruise ships ply on the Moscow Canal. Construction materials, gypsum, sand, various oversized cargoes are also transported through this waterway.
Observation decks
Guests and residents of the city of Dubna near Moscow, among other things, can look at the spillway at the hydroelectric power station. Observation platforms are equipped on the towers of both hydroelectric units of the station. Ivankovskaya HPP is a really interesting object. That is why it is worth visiting here. Moreover, you can visit the observation decks of the station, as well as take pictures here at any time of the day or night for free. The views from here, judging by the reviews of tourists, are actually just magnificent.
Reservoir
Ivankovskaya station isthe first hydroelectric power station of the Volga-Kama Canal. The dam formed by it is located on the territory of the Moscow and Tver regions. In the course of the Volga, the Ivankovskoye reservoir is the second after the Upper Volga. Its surface area is 316 km2, the total capacity is 1120 million m sea can be equal to 1 billion m3.
Being one of the largest reservoirs in the country, Ivankovskoye is characterized by shallow water. The depth of some of its water areas does not exceed 2 m. The length of this reservoir is approximately 120 km, the width is 4 km. The average depth of the Moscow Sea is 4 m, the maximum depth is 19 m.
From Dubna to Tver, this reservoir is currently navigable. From its bottom, in some places, a sand-pebble mixture is being mined. Also, this artificial sea is annually visited by thousands of people for the purpose of recreation and fishing. On the banks of the reservoir and on its islands, there are many tourist centers and sports and recreation centers.
Flooded settlements
After the construction of the Ivankovskaya hydroelectric power station, more than 100 villages, as well as the county town of Korcheva, were under water. A small part of the working settlement of Konakovo was also flooded. About 50 thousand people were resettled from the flood zone in the 30s of the last century before the construction of the hydroelectric power station.
Before the construction of the hydroelectric power station on the site of the future reservoir, it was also necessary to carry out large-scale forest clearing, remove cattle burial grounds,a large number of facilities and communications. After the construction of the station in these places, of course, large areas of arable land and hayfields were flooded.
Recommended:
Corporation: concept, economic nature and main types. Corporations in Russia
Corporations are the backbone of many modern economies. What are their specifics? What are the distinctive features of Russian corporations?
Planning and economic department: its functions and tasks. Regulations on the planning and economic department
Planning and economic departments (hereinafter PEO) are created for the effective organization of the economy of organizations and enterprises. Although often the work of such departments is not clearly regulated. How should they be organized, what structure should they have and what functions should they perform?
Foreign economic activity is Management of foreign economic activity
Foreign economic activity is the activity of the state in the sphere of the economy outside of domestic trade. It has many different aspects, but all of them are somehow connected with the market, the promotion of various kinds of services on it: transportation, sale of goods. In fact, it is a complex system consisting of many interdependent links
Manager for foreign economic activity (foreign economic activity): tasks, duties, requirements
Foreign trade manager - who is this? Two main lines of business and day-to-day tasks. The main duties of a specialist. Requirements for the applicant, the necessary personal qualities. Consider the pros and cons of the profession. How to become a foreign trade manager? Getting started and career advancement. The question of wages
Cow cow: concept, definition, main differences, performance improvement and economic damage
The presence of dry cows in the herd causes a decrease in the profitability of the farm. The farmer can bear huge losses due to infertility of heifers. In order to eliminate the barrenness of cows on the farm, it is necessary first of all to properly develop the diet of animals and provide them with good living conditions
