Power line systems

2024 Author: Howard Calhoun | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-17 10:16

Without power lines, a technocratic landscape is inconceivable. This web of humanity has entwined the whole world. A power line is one of the elements of electrical systems that transmits energy through current. According to the method of transportation, they distinguish

cable and overhead power lines. The first are hidden from human eyes, the second we see every day, leaving the house. In the context of dynamically developing civil and industrial construction, the number of power line systems is increasing every year. The demands on them in terms of throughput and security are also increasing, as the loads on intersystem components increase. Power lines are also used to transmit information using high-frequency signals. 60 HF and FOCL channels are used on the territory of the former USSR.

Construction of power transmission lines is a complex engineering task that includes the following processes: design, installation, commissioning and maintenance. Power lines are distinguished by the nature of the current: direct and variable. By appointment: distribution,

trunk, ultra-long (as a rule, high-voltage power lines) and consumer (below 20 kV). By voltage: low, medium, high, ultra-high and ultra-high. The highest voltage transmission line is the Ekibastuz-Kokchetav line (1150 kV). According to the mode of operation of neutrals: isolated, compensated, effectively grounded, deafly grounded. By power transmission modes: normal, emergency or installation.

The first experiment on the formation of power lines was carried out back in the 19th century. Russian engineer Fyodor Pirotsky used iron rails in 1874

roads for transmitting current over a distance. On one rail, the current went in one direction, on the second - it returned. The experiment had a positive result, and for several years a carriage ran along the route. But several pedestrians received electric shocks, and the project was closed. By the way, the experiment was not in vain - today's metro operates exactly on this principle.

In those years, scientists around the world were busy developing various ways to transmit current over long distances. The most effective system was proposed and created by the Russian inventor Mikhail Dolivo-Dobrovolsky. In 1891, under his leadership, the first three-phase current line was built over a distance of 170 kilometers. Energy losses decreased by a quarter. At the International Electrotechnical Exhibition in Germany, scientists around the world recognized that the problem had been solved. Petersburg, the Electrotechnical Institute was opened, whichdeveloped the Russian electrification system and trained specialists.

Initially, Russia did not have its own industrial base for the country's electrification - wires were brought from abroad, and supports were made from improvised material - wood. During the First World War, revolution and civil war, the construction of power lines was suspended. And since 1923, students of Mikhail Dolivo-Dobrovolsky, who remained in Russia, continued the work of their teacher.