Hammer mills: overview, features, instructions and reviews

2024 Author: Howard Calhoun | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-17 10:16

One of the main agricultural operations is called grinding - grinding grains to the state of flour. The primary role in this process is played by crushers, among which hammer mills occupy a leading position. The variety of raw materials with different physical and chemical properties requires the use of various types of such equipment.

Working principle

The main working element of the equipment is the electric motor, which is connected to the rotor. Jackhammers are fixed on the shaft driven by the engine with the help of articulated links. The frame serves as a support for the elements, and a metal case serves as protection from external influences.

The operation of mills is based on impact and abrasion. After starting and supplying raw materials, the rotor, rotating at a tremendous speed, creates an air flow that draws in and makes the grain and cereals rotate. Impact hammers, moving freely through the loose grain mass, hit the particles with their working faces, thereby crushing them.

The presented process continues until the hammer mill can provide the user with the productgiven condition. Additional grinding of raw materials occurs due to friction on the sieve. The processed material, which is smaller than the size of the sieve mesh, is removed from the crushing chamber and enters the next stage of the technological process.

Features of hammer mills

Hammer equipment is used in many branches of the agricultural sector, mainly in the process of making flour. It has also found wide application in the livestock department - here, with their help, compound feed is crushed and prepared for the introduction of additives into the feed.

Special types of systems are also used in industry - for grinding ceramics, glass, stone. Hammer mills have earned their popularity for a reason. A number of beneficial benefits contributed to this:

1. Easy design.
2. High reliability.
3. Small size.
4. Dynamism of operating modes.
5. High grain mass processing speed.
6. Easy to maintain and use.

But the use of this type of equipment in some situations is impractical due to the high cost of electricity. This creates certain difficulties for medium and small enterprises.

Classification of hammer mills

Hammer mills are classified according to several indicators. The first one is power. According to it, all equipment is divided into equipment for private farms (up to 1.6 kW) and crushers for industrial enterprises (up to 32 kW). The second important feature isperformance that divides all devices into 5 sizes:

I. Able to process 5-6 tons of products per hour, used in large feed mills and to create flour.

II. They grind 2-3 tons of products and use them in district factories or feed mills.

III. With a capacity of 1-2 t/h, they are in demand in feed shops.

IV. They crush from 500 kg to 1 ton per hour of work, can be found at large livestock facilities.

V. Grind from 100 to 150 kg/h, used to make additives.

In addition, hammer mills can be divided into separate types due to their design features, the implemented grain grinding technology and the way the finished product is removed.

Hammer crushers are produced by both domestic and foreign companies. Both Russian and foreign equipment has its own characteristics and advantages, implemented by technologies to improve quality and reduce production costs.

Hammer mills M-8 and DM

Let's consider separate models. Domestic hammer mill M-8 has long been a popular technique in the agricultural sector. It has three modifications and is used for grinding grain, creating feed for livestock and threshing corn cobs. Its main advantage is its productivity, which is about 22 tons per hour.

The hammer mill for grain DM, as well as its modification DDM, has also found wide application. Between themselves, the structures differ only in dimensions and technicalcharacteristics. A feature of this equipment is its suitability for maintenance - to access the main working elements, it is enough to open a special hatch.

Another distinguishing feature is the ability to transport finished products mechanically and pneumatically. In the first case, the crushed material is removed by a conveyor belt, and in the second case, by an air draft created by an additionally mounted pneumatic receiver.

Reversible hammer mills

Users consider A1-DDP and A1-DDR models to be popular reversible crushers from a Russian manufacturer. The devices have some differences in design and technical indicators, but the principle of operation is the same for them. Such equipment is mainly used for grinding cereals and filmy crops, meal.

A reverse action hammer mill was calculated for the full use of impact surfaces. The composition of such structures includes a symmetrical crushing chamber, which allows them to work by rotating the rotor in different directions. This increases the service life since the blow bars are used on both sides.

Foreign Fine Grinding Mills

The most popular all over the world, judging by customer reviews, is the Impact mill. The success of the device was guaranteed by its design, which incorporates two annular chambers. The grinding process takes place in two stages:

1. Grain mass enters the hopper withhammers rotating on a smaller radius - preliminary grinding occurs.
2. Sufficiently crushed material "leaks" into the second chamber through the cells, where fine and uniform grinding is carried out.

Another fairly popular specimen for fine crushing was the unit of the Japanese company Kagawa. A design feature is the presence of blades in the form of dihedral wedges, which are equipped with guide plates. They are located with packages of hammers and during operation provide a fine grinding of products.

The main advantage that is inherent in all foreign representatives is reliability. That's what the reviews say. Buyers are pleased that, as a rule, the repair of hammer mills from abroad does not have to be carried out for decades, if the rules of operation and maintenance are followed.

Other purpose of hammer mills

Not everyone knows that hammer mills have found their application in the mining industry, mainly for processing coal, peat, shale. Here they are used to bring raw materials to a consumer state.

Based on the reviews, we can conclude that among all the representatives in Russia, the MMT hammer mill with indices of 200 or 800 is used more often than others. One of their features is the ability to combine the process of drying and crushing products. The technique is a rational solution for technological processes for the creation of powders and processingminerals.