2024 Author: Howard Calhoun | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-17 10:16
Abrasive powder is a very popular material in the industry used to clean metals from rust. There are several varieties of it, differing in properties and cost. Surface abrasive powder can also be used in a variety of ways.
Material advantages
At the moment, the industry produces only two main types of abrasive powder: copper slag and nickel slag. They began to be used in production not so long ago. Previously, ordinary quartz sand was used instead. When cleaning the surface last, very fine dust spread in the air, polluting everything around. At the same time, it was necessary to carry out a rather laborious and costly operation for washing the processed products. In addition, small particles of quartz flying in the air fell into the lungs of workers. As a result, they developed a chronic occupational disease - silicosis. Unfortunately, in our country, cheap quartz sand is still used for cleaning surfaces. In Europe, it is categorically used for this purposeprohibited.
Varieties
Most often, copper slag is used in production. This is an inexpensive material that allows for high-quality cleaning. Nickel slag differs from it in greater particle strength. Also in industry, such a type of abrasive as diamond powder is sometimes used. However, it is quite expensive, and therefore it is mainly used only for the manufacture of grinding tools, pastes and suspensions.
How it's made
The production of abrasive powder is not technologically complicated process. Cooper slag from granulated copper-smelting slags. They are reduced to a fine-grained state by very rapid cooling with water. The resulting powder for cleaning from various kinds of unwanted impurities is placed on a special inclined grate with small cells. As a result, small particles of cooper slag wake up down. Large ones (limestone, refractory materials, debris) remain at the top.
Nickel slag is made using the same technology. The only difference is that in this case, nickel slags are used as feedstock.
Features
The main properties that determine the quality of a material such as abrasive powder are:
-
Degree of hygroscopicity. The smaller it is, the better the product. Dry powders can be used in the production process immediately without spending time and money on drying.
- Flowability. Thisthe indicator for abrasive powders should be as high as possible. Very free-flowing materials easily pass through the nozzle of tools designed to clean surfaces without clogging them. As a result, the equipment does not fail longer.
- Ratio of fractions. Only that material is considered to be of high quality, which includes particles of different sizes (from 0.5 to 3 mm).
According to the degree of danger to the human body, abrasive powder is assigned to the fourth group. This means that you can work with it without fear of harming your he alth. For comparison: materials such as scrap metal and powder remaining during grinding of metal parts are assigned to the same fourth hazard class.
Scope of application
Thus, most often abrasive powder is used to clean the surfaces of metal products from rust. In addition, it is used to remove paint and plaster residues from concrete and brick. Abrasive powders can also be used to remove damaged or thawed areas during repair work.
Surface treatment with this material can be carried out both by conventional abrasive blasting, and by hydro- or flame-abrasive.
Comparison of cooper slag and quartz sand
Of course, modern abrasive powder is more expensive than quartz sand. However, its performance is much better. For clarity, below we present to your attention a table comparing these twomaterials.
| Features | Quartz sand | Cooper slag |
| Maximum workpiece surface finish | Sa 2 | Sa 3 |
| Sanitary restrictions | May cause silicosis | No limits |
| Performance | 6 | 17 |
Abrasive powder: consumption
The particles that make up copper slag and nickel slag have very sharp edges. Therefore, surface treatment with them can be done very high quality. At the same time, unlike quartz sand, abrasive powders practically do not form dust. And therefore, processed products do not need to be washed, spending additional funds on this.
Dust during cleaning with quartz sand is formed because its particles are strongly crushed. This practically does not happen with abrasive powders. Therefore, they can be used for cleaning twice, and sometimes even three times. Of course, this significantly reduces their consumption. Therefore, it is beneficial to use copper slag and nickel slag, despite the fact that they cost much more than sand. The consumption of abrasive powder per 1 m2 is only about 30 kg. For comparison: sand for the same area has to spend about 100 kg.
Abrasive powder: GOST
According to the degree of impact on the humancooper slag and nickel slag, as already mentioned, belong to the fourth group (according to GOST 12.1.007). In the manufacture of abrasive powders, the standards of GOST 17.2.3.01-86 regarding the maximum allowable emissions must be observed. Regulates the State Standard and the type of personal protection of personnel when working with copper slag and nickel slag (GOST 12.4.034). The maximum allowable content of natural radionuclides in abrasive powders is regulated by GOST 30108. Actually, this material is usually produced according to TU 1789-001-34557754-99.
Home use
Some craftsmen wonder where abrasive powder can be used. Cooper slag and nickel slag at home can hardly be useful. They are used immediately in significant quantities to clean large surfaces. At home, only diamond powders are mainly used. They are well suited for making pastes intended for polishing various kinds of complex metal products.
Also, diamond powders are often used for the independent manufacture of finishing tools. In this case, a special abrasive stone is usually used as a base. After degreasing, a working layer of the following composition is applied to it (% by weight):
- diamond powder - 2-4;
- copper oxide powder - 25-35;
- phosphoric acid - the remainder.
Cost
The price of nickel slag and copper slag is about the same. These powders cost about 3000-3500 rubles per ton. The price of quartz sand ranges from 800-900 rubles per ton. Diamond powder is, of course, very expensive. They sell it not in tons and not even in kilograms, but in grams. Its cost is 35-70 rubles per gram.
As you can see, abrasive powder is a very useful and sought-after material. Its different types can be used both in industry and at home. It does not cause harm to he alth, while its operational characteristics are simply remarkable.
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