Vent motors: the principle of operation. Do-it-yourself valve electric motor

2024 Author: Howard Calhoun | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-17 10:16

Vent motors are in many ways similar to electromagnetic counterparts. However, it should be noted that the devices are capable of operating in AC and DC networks. To date, there are single-phase, two-phase and three-phase modifications.

The average power of the model is 5 kW. The operating frequency of the motor does not exceed 60 Hz. Some modifications use a rotor position sensor. Brushless motors are used most often for compressors and ventilation systems.

Device Diagram

A conventional engine includes a stator box with an armature, as well as a rotor. The collector in low-power modifications is installed in a brush type. If we consider single-phase valve motors, then they have a pole piece. Behind it is a special rotation shaft. Powerful models have a rotor core. A bendix is used to excite the circuit. The shaft of the brushless motor motors rotates with a special disk.

Working principle

The principle of operation of the engine is based on magnetic induction. The process consists in excitation of the stator winding. This happens by applying voltage to the bendix. Many modifications also use a rotor position sensor. Terminal boxes are used to connect regulators. Clamping rings are used to fix the shaft. Heavy duty motors have a solenoid relay. It is necessary to strengthen the electromagnetic field.

DIY model

It is quite difficult to make an electric motor (valve) with your own hands. First of all, a magnetic stator is required for assembly. In some cases, the rotor is used with a steel anchor. Next, you need to prepare a shaft with a head. In diameter, it should fit under the ring. The stator in this case must be with a primary winding that can withstand a voltage of 220 V.

To connect a valve-type motor, you will need a conductor. It must be connected to the terminal box. For some modifications, the shaft is mounted on a disk. Thus, the process of gaining momentum is fast. In order to avoid cases of short circuits in the circuit, a seal is used.

Reactive modification

You can make a valve reluctance motor with your own hands only on the basis of a brush collector. First of all, you need to select a rotor with a winding. Next, a shaft is installed under it. In some cases, it is used with a volumetric nozzle. To reduce friction, you need a small ring on roller bearings.

Next, a bendix is installed on the valve reluctance motor. In this case, the disk is fixed on the key. The terminal box must be located at the rear of the motor. The shaft must be in the central part of the body. Ventilation holes are most often made above the rotor.

DC Devices

The BLDC motor can be folded on the base of the brushed commutator, which can withstand large output voltage. After fixing the stator, you need to do the rotor. For this, a shaft and a disk of small diameter are selected. You will also need a powerful retractor relay. Some use it with a high-voltage winding. At this stage, special attention should be paid to fixing the core to excite the winding. DC submersible DC motors are used, as a rule, in aircraft construction. Some models have a complex air cooling scheme with channels.

AC models

Making a model of this type is quite simple. However, the assembly will require a bendix. In this case, it must be immediately selected with a steel core. Some experts recommend the use of aluminum tips. However, their current conductivity is low. Direct voltage supply is carried out through the terminal box.

In many modifications, the brush collector is installed in front of the housing. Thus, a small diameter shaft can be used. Slip rings are attached if a high power engine is being made. Bearings can be used to reduce friction. They should be installed near the collector.

Single-phase type motors

Single-phase brushless motor is suitable for low power drives. The principle of operation of the devices is based on increasing the inductance of the magnetic field. For this, a brushless collector is used. There are no bendixes in the devices. It is also important to note that stators can only be used with high conductivity. However, first of all, a high-quality rotor is required for assembly. It should be installed near the shaft.

The next step is to weld the ring. In this case, the disk must be located on the other side of the shaft. A fan is suitable for cooling a valve-type engine. Some modifications use solenoid relays to enhance induction.

Two-phase models

Two-phase brushless motors can be assembled by yourself. For this, experts recommend using powerful bendixes. In some cases, stators with a primary winding are used. To fix the rotor, you will need a durable housing. In this case, tips with good conductivity should be used.

In order for the electromagnetic field to be amplified evenly, coils of different sensitivities are used. Solenoid relays are installed behind the stators. The shaft in the structure must be on the disk. Dowels are used to fix it.

Three-phase devices

A three-phase permanent magnet motor is a device that operates on the principle of increasing magnetic field induction. For models, bendixes are installed only with high sensitivity. In this case, pole pieces are used to amplify the electromagnetic field. Directly stators are used with paws. Some modifications have brush holders. It is also important to note that three-phase brushless motors are often used for 20kW drives. The frequency in this case does not exceed 60 Hz. The shaft of the models must rotate freely. To do this, manufacturers equip the devices with roller bearings. Many models have special conductors that connect to the terminal box. Direct voltage supply occurs through the power cable.

Model with low frequency bendix

Low-frequency bendixes allow you to steadily increase the inductance in the circuit. Many models of this type are distinguished by their sensitivity. In order to assemble the device yourself, you need to choose a good stator. Modifications with anchors will not work.

It is also important to note that low-frequency bendixes are not capable of working with retractor relays. All this leads to a rapid overheating of the engine. In order to remedy the situation, you need a powerful fan. A small coil should also be provided. Due to this, the winding will be able to withstand a voltage of 220 V. To avoid cases of short circuits, applybrush holder.

Using high-frequency bendixes

Making an engine with a high-frequency bendix is quite simple. This will require a simple stator. The rotor itself is selected with the primary winding. To increase the speed of the shaft, special grinding discs are used. Many configurations use solenoid relays. It is also important to note that a high-quality brush holder is required to assemble this type of motor. To fix it, slip rings are used. To reduce the force of vibration, seals of different rigidity are used. In many configurations, a shroud is installed over the rotor.

Using a traction relay

Traction relays are very often installed on an industrial valve motor. The principle of operation of the devices is based on a moderate increase in the strength of the magnetic field. In this case, the winding is sequentially excited. In order to assemble the modification yourself, you should use a brush collector.

Also in this situation, you can not do without the coil of the main pole. However, first of all, you need to fix the rotor with the shaft. After that, it will be possible to deal with the terminal box. The primary winding of a valve-type motor must withstand an output voltage of 220 V. Special attention should be paid to the stator. To reduce the force of vibration, seals of high rigidity are used. To fix the shaft, you will need a retaining ring.