Marine engines: types, characteristics, description. Ship engine diagram

2024 Author: Howard Calhoun | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-17 10:16

Different types of marine engines are distinguished by purpose. The devices that are the main driving force are the main ones. Auxiliary engines provide the operation of various mechanisms on ships. In particular, the models are used to service power generators, winches and compressors. According to the power parameter, devices are also separated.

More models are divided according to the type of fuel combustion. They can be two-stroke or four-stroke type. First of all, devices with mixed combustion of fuel are distinguished. In this case, a constant pressure is provided. However, there are modifications with fuel combustion at a constant volume. Separately, there are configurations with and without supercharging. To understand everything, you need to look at the description of ship engines of different types.

Duple modification scheme

Two-stroke models (ship engine diagram shown below) are most often installed on ferries. Their tiller is of the manual type. Directly the shaft of the models is installed above the carburetor block. The power of the modification is quitediffer considerably. Pushers are most often used with a clamp. The drive shaft of the models is installed above the pallet. Locks are not used on two-stroke models. It is also important to note that they keep the pressure on average at 5 bar. The fuel consumption of the marine engine depends on the operating power of the unit.

Four-stroke model specifications

If we talk about the characteristics of four-stroke marine engines, it is important to note that their average power is 40 kW. They use pallets with deadwoods. Directly drive shafts are located above the central chamber. Water pumps are not available for four-stroke modifications. In this case, the springs are used of the connecting type. Some models have reverse locks. Transmission blocks are used in a variety of ways. Sometimes reverse gears are used in four-stroke engines. For such models, the springs are located in the rear of the body.

Low power motors

Small power motor (10 to 20 kW) is used most often with adapter connector. Starters for modifications are used only manual type. In terms of the limiting pressure parameter, the devices are quite different. Clamps are most often used with anodes. Directly propeller shafts are installed above the pallet.

It should also be noted that there are modifications with superchargers. Devices differ in the type of combustion chamber. Gearboxes are mainly used with an anti-cavitation plate. In most models, the latchesno reverse.

Medium power models

The medium power engine (from 20 to 30 kW) is most often found on passenger ships. Drives they use, as a rule, belt type. The shafts are directly installed with a diameter of 4.5 cm or more. In this case, the impellers are used with gears. It is also important to note that there are supercharged modifications. Deadwoods are used as drive and connecting type. On average, the limit pressure parameter is 4.5 bar.

Powerful engines

Powerful engine (from 30 to 40 kW) is often installed on transport ships. In terms of camera volume, the models are quite different. In this case, carburetors are installed in the rear of the body. In total, the model can have up to five pumps. The valves are of the reverse type. On average, the limiting frequency parameter is 5.5 bar. Reversing locks are provided in almost all modifications. The impellers are installed near the carburetor. Directly the shaft of the models can be located above the pallet. Some engines have a connector. The starter is mainly applied manual type.

Heavy Duty Engines

Heavy duty engine (50 to 60 kW) based on camshaft. In this case, the modification uses silencers. Carburettors are usually located near the sump. There is a rocker to distribute the oil. Models differ in type of pushers. It is also important to note that there are modifications in which the suspension bracket is located above the flywheel. On average, the frequency of the engines is notexceeds 2300 rpm.

Modifications with mixed combustion of fuel

Combined combustion engine is most often produced with high power gearboxes. The drive gears are located under the shaft. In this case, the anti-cavitation plate is located under the fuel pump. A distinctive feature of engines of this type can be safely called the presence of strong pushers. They decompose under the rocker.

The models differ in the type of carburetors. It is also important to note that the devices are manufactured with different camshafts. Directly, the valves in the devices are designed for 4 bar. A silencer is located above the deadwood. There are also configurations where it is behind the shaft. Marine engine fuel is suitable liquid type with a flash point of 600 degrees.

Engines with constant volume combustion

The engine of this type is distinguished by a three-dimensional chamber. In this case, the rocker arms are not used. Direct fuel supply is carried out by pistons. The crankshafts of the models are most often located above the flywheels. Reducers are mainly used belt. The muffler is not used in all configurations. It is also important to note that some models have a cooling system. Engine ignitions are provided only inductive type.

Supercharged devices

The supercharged engine is more suitable for tankers. They use manual starters. The tillers are located directly above the clamp, and are attached to the camshaft. Models vary in size. It is also important to note that various clamps are used in the devices. Pumps are used to supply oil. Springs for models of this type are placed behind the impeller. Some modifications do not have a transmission rod. The drive gear in the devices is most often attached to the gearbox. Supercharged ship engines are repaired in port workshops.

Parameters of naturally aspirated models

Naturally aspirated (marine) engines are produced, as a rule, with a rocker arm. The power of modifications does not exceed 40 kW. For transport ships, they are well suited. Many models use manual starters. The valves, on average, are able to keep pressure at 5.5 bar. Connectors in devices are used without pushers. Pallets are most often made of steel. Some modifications have a reverse lock.

The drive shaft for engines is located behind the drive gear. Impellers vary greatly in size. In this case, much depends on the power of the unit. It is also important to note that the devices use cooling systems. The oil is directly supplied to the crankcase through the pump.

Devices with internal mixture formation

Engines (marine) with internal mixture formation are not very common nowadays. Models with a power of about 50 kW are produced. In this case, the impellers are mounted behind the drive shaft. Some models have a tillerautomatic is used. Direct operation of the starter is provided by the gearbox. Some configurations include a transmission. The tilt locks on the engines are mounted behind the pinion gear. Spring sizes may vary. Supercharged modifications are on the market. Water pumps are used in various sizes. On average, the limiting pressure parameter does not exceed 6.5 bar. The cooling system in all configurations is air-type.

Spark ignition engines

Engines (marine) with spark ignition are manufactured in various capacities. Deadwoods in many configurations are installed in an adjustable type. Transmission units are most often located in the lower part of the case. The models differ greatly in the type of springs. Directly the drive shaft in configurations is above the pallet. Some models have two fuel pumps. It is also important to note that engines of this type have a camshaft. Crankshafts for engines can be located near the impeller.

Compression self-ignition models

Engines (marine) with self-ignition from compression are most often made of a two-stroke type. The power of the models is on average 30 kW. Crankshafts in many modifications are installed with a small diameter. Fuel pumps are usually located at the rear of the case.

Some configurations use pushrods. Cooling systems are most often of the air type. Most drive gearmotors are located behind the shaft. It is also important to note that rocker arms are installed in models of this type. Some configurations have as many as three valves. Lionfish are most often used steel.

Carburetor modifications

Carburetor engines are made with two camshafts. In this case, deadwoods are used of a manual type. Fuel consumption depends on the power of the unit, as well as the volume of the chamber. Springs in devices are used with an impeller.

Modifications with pushers are rare. It is also important to note that there are two-stroke and four-stroke units. There are also models with rocker arms. Their power is on average 30 kW.