2024 Author: Howard Calhoun | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-17 10:16
Technological processes in industrial systems determine the structural elements of enterprises (sites, positions, individual jobs). Technically and economically efficient activity of the enterprise depends on the rational use of the units that make up its basis (skeleton). This is achieved in the process of creating and optimizing the production of processing systems (manufacturing companies).
What do you mean by structure?
This is a complex of various elements of an enterprise with their inherent parameters of the production environment (linear dimensions, production or repair volumes, information and technological connections, etc.). The analysis also considers the overall structure of the enterprise.
In addition to production, it includes functional departments (services) for managing design capacities, technological and financial reserves, as well as social elements that provide for the needs of workers and employees (canteens, shops, etc.).
Workplace
Is spatiala unit on which organizational and instrumental equipment, diagnostic tools and control over the implementation of technological stages, and the required equipment are located. Being the first link in the production chain (workplace - department - site - workshop - building), it has a significant impact on the structure of the production process and the final results of activities throughout the system.
The main reserves of production are concentrated in the workplace. The performance of the enterprise depends on the level of their organization, coordination of work, optimal location.
Production area
It is the next structural building block in building the necessary system for manufacturing products in the processing industry (forming the type of production structure). It consists of a set of departments (which, in turn, consist of jobs) and is designed to perform several technological stages, united by a common goal. In practice, there is a foundry section, an assembly section, a mechanical section, a turning section, etc. Separate sections, if necessary, are combined into workshops.
Production shop
Is the last step in the formation of a complete technological system for the production of finished products. The wagon painting workshop carries out a full range of preparatory (cleaning, priming), painting (applying several layers of paint) and final (applying signs, stamps) operations onmanufactured product.
Each workshop has its own management structure (shop manager, technologist, engineering apparatus, dispatching apparatus). If the number of shop workers exceeds 100 people, a shop accounting department is created. With a smaller number of employees, the service takes place in the general accounting of the enterprise.
Types of workshops
In practice, the whole variety of shop units is usually differentiated as main and auxiliary (servicing). A separate group is allocated by-production, which may be present in the presence of reserves of materials and capacities. They define the types of production structures in a particular enterprise.
The main workshops are formed to perform the main target function of production - the release of finished products based on the accepted manufacturing technology or repair (maintenance). Workers employed in the main workshops are also called the main ones (the main contingent). For example, the main workshops for railway enterprises (heavy engineering) include a dismantling workshop, a preparation and straightening workshop, a repair and assembly workshop, a car assembly workshop, a running gear workshop, and a painting workshop. As you can see, each of the listed structural units performs assembly or repair operations at the production facility itself, in this case, the car.
The correlation of one or another shop with the main one depends on the purpose of the enterprise. For example, a woodworking shop will be the main one at a woodworking enterprise and an auxiliary one at a manufacturing plant.automobile manufacturing.
Auxiliary workshops (service units) perform a supporting function for the main workshops and the entire enterprise as a whole. Repair of technological equipment, tools and accessories, loading and unloading operations, warehousing and storage operations, manufacturing of spare parts and components. Here is a far from complete list of work performed. Despite the subordinate position of auxiliary production in relation to the main one, its role cannot be overestimated. In addition, if we analyze the latest recommendations for optimizing production systems within the framework of logistics concepts, then innovations relate primarily to supporting processes.
Traditionally, they include instrumental, repair of electrical equipment of the enterprise, recycling, mechanical repair, repair and construction.
Side shops and production sites create products from surplus (waste) production. For example, enterprises with a large number of metal structures in production can produce metal gates, fences and consumer goods. Homestead farms are also being created, which provide the employees of the enterprise with food.
Considering the types of production structures, it is necessary to note the creation of groups of auxiliary units, which, as a rule, are combined into specialized farms, which makes it possible to centrally manage processes, pursue a unified technical policy and create conditions for in-depth specialization. On themachine-building enterprises, as a rule, five main farms are used.
Repair facilities
The structure of the production process includes a machine shop, an equipment repair area, and specialized workshops. The main functions are the repair of technological equipment based on the adopted system of repair and maintenance. The main tasks are the formation of a repair strategy based on the study of equipment repair cycles. Creation of a flexible system of influences on the machine environment (small and medium repairs, overhaul and overhaul maintenance). Maintenance of fixed assets of the enterprise in good condition. General management is carried out by the chief mechanic of the enterprise.
Tool economy
Structurally, administrative and production divisions are represented by a tool department, a tool shop, a central tool warehouse, tool distributing storerooms, utility rooms. The main functions are the manufacture and repair of tools, planning work to maintain the required level of tooling at the level of departments using a rational supply chain. The main tasks for the future are minimizing the cost of tool manufacturing, improving the control system and tooling production.
Transportation
It is represented by production infrastructure facilities that provide various transport operations and allow the movement of goods within the production system. Transportthe department, managed by the assistant to the head of the enterprise, develops rational schemes of transport routes (pendulum, beam, ring, etc.) based on the analysis of cargo turnover and the implementation of cargo flows. Optimizes the operation of external (cars on the company's balance sheet) and internal (elevators, cranes, autocars, conveyors) transport. The production company has at its disposal a transport workshop, car repair shops, garages.
Energy economy
Implementation of energy supplies to all production facilities. Interaction of energy networks of the enterprise with city highways. Analysis of energy losses. Monitoring the operation of transformer stations, boiler houses, boiler houses, thermal power plants. Subordinates to the chief power engineer of the enterprise. The structure of the economy may include a workshop for the repair of electrical equipment of the enterprise, various workshops.
Warehousing
Organizes the work of all types of storage units - open and closed warehouses, overpasses, storage facilities for fuel and fuels and lubricants. The main long-term tasks are the optimization of the warehousing system based on the use of advanced methods. It is the object of attention of modern logistics technologies.
Conclusion
Production structures are the basis for the formation of enterprises of any form of ownership. Their rational choice and study of the types of production structures directly affects the efficiency of production activities, flexibilitytechnological processes and the operation of technological equipment.
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