GAZ car models, abbreviation decoding

2024 Author: Howard Calhoun | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-17 10:16

Cars produced in our country are in most cases marked with abbreviations reflecting the name of the enterprise where they were manufactured. The decoding of GAZ, for example, looks like "Gorky Automobile Plant". This largest enterprise in Russia began its work in the times of the USSR - in 1932.

History of the plant

Until the end of the 1920s, cars in the USSR were bought abroad. In 1929, the country's government decided to correct this situation. In the spring of this year, a decision was made on the need to build a modern automobile plant.

The site for the new enterprise was found a month after that. It was decided to build a new plant near Nizhny Novgorod, which was called Gorky from 1932 to 1990. The choice of a site near this settlement was explained by the convenience of the location, both in terms of geography and natural resources.

Since there was no experience in building automobile enterprises in the country at that time, engineers from a world famous company had to be invited to develop the plant projectFord. But, of course, Soviet specialists also took part in the construction of a new automobile enterprise.

First cars

The construction of the new enterprise proceeded at an accelerated pace. And so the plant was put into operation a little earlier than planned - in 1932. In total, the construction of GAZ, the decoding of which stands for "Gorky Automobile Plant", thus took about 18 months.

Initially a new venture them. Molotov was engaged in the production of only trucks. But already at the end of 1932, cars also began to roll off the assembly line of the plant. The same Fords were used as a prototype for their first GAZ cars. However, due to the fact that imported cars did not correspond to Russian roads, their design had to be seriously modernized.

Thus, in particular, improved steering was developed for the new GAZ trucks. The engineers also reinforced the clutch housing, which could now withstand significant loads.

The appearance of the car body was also somewhat modified. For example, the first model of the GAZ-AA plant had an onboard platform. The cabin of this machine was made of wood and cardboard. Initially, the first car of the enterprise was called NAZ-AA. But later it was renamed to GAZ. The decoding of the brand began to reflect the name of the enterprise - the Gorky Automobile Plant.

GAZ-AA engines were equipped with Ford brands with 40 hp. The same engineswere also used in the assembly of a later model. In 1934, the "one and a half" were improved. They began to install metal cabins. At the same time, a new car was created at the plant - GAZ-AAA. Its carrying capacity was no longer 1, 5, but 2 tons. By 1935, more than 100 thousand cars left the GAZ assembly line.

Epic GAZ-M

"Lorry trucks" of the Gorky plant were used at all all-Russian construction sites, went through the roads of war and became a true legend of the Soviet automotive industry. But this enterprise became famous not only for its reliable trucks.

A truly epoch-making event was the release by the plant of a new passenger car model GAZ-M - the famous "emka". Ford also became the prototype of this car. However, in this case, the design of the car before release was significantly improved by Soviet engineers.

So, for example, the car received instead of:

• transverse springs longitudinal;
• primitive friction shock absorbers hydraulic;
• forged steel spoked rims.

Also, the car has increased the size of the wings and improved the drive of the front brakes. Thus, new cars were prepared for Russian roads.

Initially, GAZ-M vehicles used Ford-A engines. They had a power of 50 l / s. Later, six-cylinder Dodge D5s with 76 hp began to be installed on these cars. "Emki" with such motors were very popular and were produced under the marking 11-73.

After some time, the plant them. Molotov beganproduce improved all-wheel drive GAZ-61. It was these cars that later became the main personal transport of the highest officials of the country.

Original Models

At different times, the Gorky Automobile Plant was engaged in assembly:

• car pickups based on GAZ-A and M1;
• buses 03-03, once used even as fixed-route taxis in big cities;
• ambulances;
• dump trucks based on the "one and a half", equipped with a body that lowers under the pressure of the load.

Military equipment

During the Second World War, the Gorky plant completely stopped the production of civilian vehicles and began to supply military equipment to the front. The company at that time developed:

• SUV GAZ-64, on the basis of which the famous UAZ-469 was later created;
• artillery tractor GAZ-67B;
• BA-64 armored car;
• self-propelled gun SU-76.

Also, specialists from the Gorky Automobile Plant took an active part in the development of the legendary T-60 and T-70 tanks.

Volga

These cars, produced by the Gorky plant since 1959, have long been the most prestigious brand among Soviet citizens. The Volga cost more than the then popular Zhiguli, Moskvich and Zaporozhets. But the performance characteristics were more impressive. Initially, these cars were marked as GAZ-21. Later, improved GAZ-24s went on sale.

Simultaneously with "Volga" the company was engaged in the production of cars "Chaika". These cars were considered even more prestigious than the GAZ-21 and -24. But they went on sale in a very limited series - just over 3,000 copies.

Some time later, the plant began to produce model 31029. Then, for 17 years, the Volga GAZ-3110, which gained immense popularity, was produced at the enterprises. In appearance, it practically did not differ from the models of the 70s. The only thing is that the designers chose a more rounded roof shape for it.

In the 80s, the plant created a new "Volga" - GAZ-3105, equipped with a very powerful engine. However, due to economic problems, the company subsequently produced only about 60 copies of such cars.

At the same time, projects of inexpensive GAZ-3103 and 3104 sedans were developed at the plant. However, such cars were never put into production.

Soviet cargo models

How does the decoding of the abbreviation GAZ, we thus found out. It was under this brand that the famous Volga and Chaika were produced in the USSR.

In the post-war years, the Gorky plant produced not only high-quality cars. In the early 60s, the enterprise, for example, began production of three new GAZ trucks at once:

• 66 - for army;
• 52;
• 53.

All these machines were supplied to the country's enterprises until the 90s of the last century. And the decoding of their markings remained, of course, the same -Gorky Automobile Plant.

What trucks does the factory produce today?

In the 90s, like many other strategic enterprises of the country, GAZ experienced significant economic difficulties. He began to implement new successful projects only in 2000, after he became part of the Russian Machines holding.

Currently, the plant produces such popular truck models as, for example:

• all-wheel drive GAZ-3308 "Sadko";
• 3310 Valdai;
• onboard "GAZon-next";
• Sadko-next.

Gazelle cars

The plant started production of GAZ-33-02 cars in 1994. Initially, these machines were designed as light trucks. But later, fixed-route taxis 32213 began to be produced on their basis. To date, Gazelles are considered a separate GAZ series - commercial vehicles. In addition to GAZ-33-02 and 32213, the plant produces:

• GAZ-2705 - all-metal van;
• GAZ-33023 "Farmer" - flatbed truck.

Modern "Volga"

To modern amateur motorists, the GAZ brand, the decoding of which sounds like "Gorky Automobile Plant", unfortunately, is not very well known. The company stopped producing old models of this brand back in 1992

From 2008 to 2010, similar Volga-Siber cars created on the basis of Chrysler and Dodge Stratus rolled off the assembly line of the enterprise. But due to low demand in 2010, the production of such cars wascollapsed. At present, the Gorky plant does not assemble passenger cars.

Deciphering GAZ models

Many motorists would like to know, of course, about what the numbers in the GAZ marking mean. Deciphering these numbers is actually quite simple. The first digit means the engine class by displacement (1 - up to 1 l, 2 - up to 1.8 l, 3 - up to 3.2 l, etc.).

The second number characterizes the type of car:

• 1 - car;
• 2 - bus;
• 3 - cargo onboard;
• 4 - tractor, etc.

The third and fourth digits in the marking are the factory model number.

Thus, for example, a direct decoding of the GAZ-3110 is a passenger car with an engine capacity of over 1.8 liters, produced under serial number 10.

Gas for cars

GAZ cars can operate both on gasoline and diesel fuel. Sometimes such cars, like almost any other domestic ones, also run on gas.

There are several types of such fuel suitable for use as a motor:

1. Deciphering SPBT gas looks like a "mixture of propane and butane." This type of natural gas is mainly used as a feedstock in the petrochemical industry. Only about 17% of the produced volume of such gas is used as a motor fuel in Russia.
2. Deciphering gas CNG - "liquefied petroleum". Its main components are also propane and butane. This mixture is usually used asautomotive fuel. A feature of this gas is that when it is burned, a minimum amount of harmful substances is released into the environment.
3. LNG stands for "liquefied natural gas". Mostly it is methane CH4. When mixed with air, CH4 is highly flammable. Therefore, such gas is also often used as a motor fuel. Sometimes it is even used in cars.

In everyday life in urban apartments, ordinary non-liquefied natural gas is used, containing mainly methane, a small amount of propane and butane and some other substances. It is for such blue fuel that we receive receipts at the end of the month. For gas, the abbreviation for GHG, which looks like "natural gas", property owners usually pay not too much.

Liquefied forms of this fuel are, of course, somewhat more expensive. But still, at a price they are significantly inferior to gasoline and diesel fuel. This makes gas a rather popular type of fuel among motorists.