Accounting for beginners: from postings to balance. Accounting

2024 Author: Howard Calhoun | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-17 10:16

Accounting is quite complex, but at the same time necessary. What does he represent? Where should one begin to study this matter? What are the nuances? Let's look at accounting for beginners from postings to balance.

General information

Accounting is based on logic and mathematics. This business requires the ability to build cause-and-effect relationships and have a broad outlook. To understand accounting, it is necessary to understand the procedure for generating reports. To do this, it is worth studying accounting for beginners from postings to balance. In general, this is enough to work in the chosen direction.

To increase labor efficiency and reduce the number of errors from the point of view of supervisors, you can learn additional techniques, but they are not critically necessary, and knowledge is acquired during work.

What are you going to do?

Let's decide what accounting tasks an accountant has to perform. His job is to record and summarize financialdata for the analysis of the economic life of the enterprise. Conditionally, 3 points can be distinguished here:

1. Determination of financial indicators of economic activity (cash flows, income, expenses, assets, liabilities and others);
2. Measuring these characteristics and displaying them in monetary terms;
3. Providing prepared financial information in the form of reports.

About basic concepts

The most important points contained in the course "Accounting for beginners: from postings to balance" are described in the article. The principle of double entry plays an important role here. In essence, this is a work plan that provides that each business transaction is always displayed twice: the first time for debit, the second for credit. If non-automated accounting is maintained, then journal-order and memorial approaches are used.

But as accounting programs spread, transactions are reflected in any convenient form. From this follows such a logical moment of accounting as a simultaneous change in the indicators of the two sides of the balance sheet. And what does he represent? The balance sheet is a way of grouping the financial figures of existing assets and liabilities to show the financial position of an organization on a specific date. These two parts are the main source of data for the subsequent analysis of economic and financial activities. What do they include? Here is the short answer:

1. Asset - property, accounts receivable, cash;
2. Liabilities - the totality of all obligations of the organization, as well as the sources of formation of its funds;

Depending on the chosen organizational and legal form of the organization, its balance sheets can be presented in different ways. So, for internal use, it can be built to display sensitive information. Reporting for state bodies is based on pre-approved forms and according to data transfer formats.

Accounting

All registered organizations and individual entrepreneurs have this obligation. As a rule, this concept additionally includes tax accounting and reporting. In general, the matter is rather complicated. After all, to work as an accountant, you must have knowledge of tax reporting, accounting skills and follow changes in the current legislation in this area.

How to work? To improve efficiency, it is necessary to ensure the functioning of an orderly system for collecting, registering and summarizing data on property, liabilities and their movement through continuous documentary accounting of absolutely all business transactions of the organization. At the same time, it is imperative to keep track of what is new in accounting appears in terms of legal requirements.

Basically, it is provided that the director monitors everything. But since accounting is a complicated matter, a specialist is hired for this - an accountant or a company to support reporting, in fact, duties are transferred to the side under outsourcing conditions.

What tasks are being performed?

The main purpose of accounting is the formation of reliable and complete information about the activities of the organization and its property status. All this is necessary for both internal and external users. The founders, managers, various internal services can be cited as the first ones. External users are investors, creditors, government regulators.

Thanks to financial statements, you can:

1. Prevent negative business outcomes for the organization.
2. Identify on-farm sustainability reserves.
3. Monitor compliance with the law during the organization's operations.
4. Monitor the presence and movement of liabilities and property.
5. Establish control over the expediency of ongoing operations.
6. Monitor the use of labor, financial and material resources.
7. Monitoring the compliance of ongoing activities with current standards, estimates, standards.

What is required for bookkeeping?

The above tasks are solved using such basic methods and techniques as:

1. Documentation. It implies the collection of a written certificate of a business transaction, which gives legal effect to such accounting.
2. Evaluation. This is a way of expressing funds, as well as the sources of their formation in monetary terms.measurement.
3. Double entry. Interconnected display of business transactions on different accounts when they are simultaneously displayed for the same amount on both debit and credit.
4. Inventory. Checking the availability of property on the organization's balance sheet, which is carried out by counting, weighing, describing, mutually reconciling and comparing the received real data with formal ones.
5. Accounting account. It is a tool for grouping assets, transactions and liabilities to display the current state of affairs.
6. Calculation. Calculation of the cost of a unit of work, services, products in monetary terms.
7. Balance sheet. The source of information and the method of economic grouping of the organization's property depending on its composition, location and specifics of formation, which is expressed in monetary value. Compiled for a specific date.
8. Accounting statements. This is a set of accounting indicators that are reflected in the form of tables and characterize the movement of liabilities, property and the financial situation of the organization for a certain period.

Training

A modern accountant needs not only to be able to deal with all the data, but also to format them correctly. At the same time, attention should be paid to the users of this information. So, if it is needed for the enterprise, then in this case the internal accounting instruction will help, which indicates what data should be transferred to top management, what to analysts, etc.

With external services, for example,tax, things are not so simple. A feature of working with them is that form has priority over content. To learn how to work with them without problems, you can take accounting courses for beginners or you should gain experience from already seasoned specialists.

Let's consider a small example. Let's say a company has a program "1C: Warehouse". It displays the receipts of materials and raw materials. This information is of interest to the company's management, as it shows the current state of affairs. But the tax service "1C: Warehouse" is of little interest. They need general declarations, invoices for individual consignments of goods that were shipped to other economic entities, and so on. Of course, during the check, the experts sent will get acquainted with all the data, but the review will be rather superficial.

In closing

Here, in general terms, accounting for beginners from postings to balance was considered. There are many more points that I would like to talk about, but then we will definitely go beyond the scope of the article. Accounting is not easy and it takes a lot of effort to get it right. One need only look at thick books to understand how much there is to know.