Preparing the onion for planting on the head. Preparing onion sets before planting. Preparing the soil for planting onions in spring

2024 Author: Howard Calhoun | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-17 10:16

Each of the housewives knows that there should always be onions in the house. This product is added to almost any dish, it can bring great benefits to our body. Anyone who has a summer cottage, be sure to plant it at home. But not every beginner gardener knows how to make sure that the harvest is plentiful in the end.

Preparing the beds

The most important thing for a good harvest is the preparation of the soil for planting onions. For sowing, a sunny and open place is chosen. For onions, loamy soils are very well suited, which are pre-filled with mineral and organic fertilizers. Most often, it is planted on land that used to grow beans, tomatoes, cucumbers, peas or cabbage. The beds are made not very high, up to 15 cm, and the width is maintained no more than 100 cm. They dig up the substrate, for each square. m add 4 kg of manure humus or compost and 3 kg of peat. Then again everything is loosened to a shallow depth, all components are well mixed with a layer of earth. Carefully level the soil and lightly tamp it, afterwatered with a solution of copper sulfate and covered with a film for several days before planting.

Preparing the set

Preparing the onion for planting - although not particularly difficult, but painstaking work. For this you need:

- Carefully sort out the heads and remove all soft, dried and spoiled.

- Seeds that have not yet appeared green seedlings need to be cut. To do this, the upper dry part is removed with scissors, thanks to this, germination can be accelerated.

- Dry a little and spread the heads in a warm and dry place.

- They should be thoroughly heated at a temperature of + 20-25 degrees.

- Immediately before planting, onions are soaked for 3 hours in a special composition, which is prepared at the rate of 1 tsp. s alt per 1 liter of water.

- In order to exclude the occurrence of diseases, it is necessary to carry out disinfection. The most reliable remedy is a saturated solution of potassium permanganate. Two hours of soaking will be enough to kill all germs.- The seeds are dried a little, and the preparation of onion sets for planting is fully completed.

Spring Landing

Sowing begins approximately from the beginning of May, when the soil is already well warmed up. First of all, the smallest of the seeds are lowered into the ground. They must be less than 1 cm, will not form arrows. Two weeks later, when the preparation of the soil for planting onions in the spring is completed, they proceed to the main sowing. If very large seeds are sent into the ground, they will release arrows very quickly, which will significantly reduce the finalharvest. Before starting work, it is necessary to treat the heads with a growth stimulator - strictly according to the instructions.

Autumn planting

In autumn, they plant the smallest set, the diameter of which is less than 1 cm. First of all, this is done because such onions very rarely survive until spring. Work is carried out 2 weeks before the first frost. In the ground, these seeds will be perfectly preserved, they will not shoot, and in the spring they will give a good harvest, as a long growing season will pass. Onion preparation before planting follows the same pattern as in springtime.

Proper care

The main requirements for caring for seedlings are watering, timely control of pests, weeds and diseases. From May to June, plants should be watered once a week, and for hot weather, the number of approaches should be doubled. For 1 m2 there are from 5-10 liters of water. In July, the supply must be reduced, as the bulbs will begin to ripen.

Water at this time should be careful not to damage the fruit. Even if the preparation of the soil for planting onions in the spring is done correctly, in a short period of time the earth can become compacted, then it must be loosened in wide aisles, literally a few centimeters. Before such a procedure, it is recommended to water the soil abundantly.

Which variety is better

The choice primarily depends on the purpose that the fruit should bring. For example, if you grow onions for greens, then use the advice of provengrowers and purchase chives and shallots, or the batun and slime preferred by most gardeners. And the best option in deciding which type to purchase for a head would be to buy the Timiryazevsky, Oporto or Stuttgarter Riesen varieties. If the preparation of onion sets for planting has been done correctly, then all of the listed heads will have excellent taste and attractive appearance with good sizes. As practice shows, if everything is done correctly, then from one hundred square meters you can get a crop that reaches 400 kg. Moreover, 9 out of 10 bulbs will have an excellent presentation and maximum shelf life.

Irrigation

If the preparation of onion sets before planting was carried out in accordance with all the rules, the plant took root well and began to grow, then during the growing season it needs to be watered 5-7 times. First, you need to actively apply the liquid, and after the root crop is formed, all actions are reduced. Too much water should not be added, as the bulb may get wet and the crop will be lost. After the arrows appear, they must be broken out so that all the juices go directly to the bulb, and it has time to form before harvesting. At this time, watering should be reduced. If the bulb does not have time to go outside before the end of the growing season, then it will need to be torn a little and carefully watered, this will improve ripening.

Fertilizer

Even if the preparation of the onion for planting is very well done, it still requires fertilizer. All organicminerals need to be added to the soil in autumn at the rate of 5 kg of rotted manure or compost and 1 kg of ash per 1 m2.

You can also use complex fertilizers, which are applied at the rate of 100 grams per 1 m2. In springtime, it is required to make supplements suitable for this season in the same calculation. All mineral composts are not recommended to be added deep into the soil, otherwise there is a risk of burning young roots, and almost all useful components will go to the lower layers.

Cleaning and storage

The preparation of the turnip for planting was done correctly, a wonderful harvest has grown, it's time to harvest. The main signs of ripening are yellowing and lodging of leaves. It is customary to dig up the crop from July 10 to August 10 - depending on the speed of development of the vegetable. Even if not all the leaves turn yellow, at this time the onion is necessarily pulled out of the soil and laid out in a thin layer for 12-15 days for drying and ripening. Both preparing the onion for planting and storing it require certain skills and knowledge. The harvest is dried in the sun, then dried leaves are removed from it and the heads are additionally dried for several days at a temperature of + 30-35 degrees. This can be done near heating devices or a Russian stove. Such a high-quality procedure will help protect the heads from neck rot and downy mildew.

After all the operations performed, the seedlings must be sorted. Small onions up to 1.5 in sizecm it is better to postpone and land before winter, in early October. And a large crop is completed by 10-15 kg and poured into boxes or canvas bags. Then they are placed in plastic bags, tied well and stored in a dark place at a temperature of +17-18 degrees.

Once a month it is necessary to control the harvest in order to throw out rotten and dried heads in time. If you keep the set at a temperature above or below the specified temperature, then when landing it will go to the arrow.

Prevention and treatment of diseases

Preparing onion sets before planting may not always protect them from various diseases. He is subject to many ailments. The most common of these are mosaic, onion smut, neck gray rot, bottom rot, and downy mildew. You need to know that if a vegetable has been affected by a disease, then it is not suitable for storage at all.

There are certain measures that prevent the occurrence of diseases. In particular, this is the annual fruit change and the observance of crop rotation. The preparation of onions for planting on the head should begin with the careful destruction of all residues of other vegetables in the soil, the disinfection of seeds and the observance of spatial isolation between the crops of vegetables of the first and second years. You can plant a vegetable in the last place only after three to four years. It is very important to keep food and planting material clean. It is imperative to disinfect the storage and carry out preventive spraying.

It is undesirable to sow near largefloodplains, swamps and reservoirs. In order to reduce the risk of various onion diseases, it is imperative to carry out deep plowing in autumn with a plow, as well as top dressing with the optimal amount of fertilizer. At the same time, a large amount of nitrogen is best avoided.

Phosphorus-potassium supplements significantly increase disease resistance. They also help to prevent the appearance of transferorosis and neck rot. In addition, with the help of such components, you can accelerate the ripening and protect the vegetable from dangerous pests.

Preparing an onion for planting on a head involves inspecting all seeds for damage, only he althy ones are suitable for the ground. Before starting work, it must be warmed up. Such measures can prevent and protect the heads from rot. As a result, the amount of waste during storage can be reduced. This method can help to notice damaged and infected bulbs in time and remove them. Warming up is also good for preventing downy mildew.

How to grow shallots

Growing such a beautiful plant on your site is very simple if well-fertilized soil is available. It is planted in order to get juicy and he althy greens, this is the so-called family onion. Preparation for planting should begin in the fall, although it is not very harmful, but it requires some measures. To do this, mineral and organic fertilizers are applied to the ground during digging. This requirement is considered the main one in order to end up with an excellentharvest. The bulbs to be harvested are carefully sorted out, after which the damaged and rotten material is discarded.

Preparing the onion for planting should take place in early spring, when it is planted in the ground, as the threat of frost is gone. Before starting work, the material is soaked for a couple of hours in warm water or in a light solution of potassium permanganate. The heads are laid in the ground in rows according to the scheme 15x25 cm. The depth of lowering the bulbs is 4-5 cm. Legumes are considered the best predecessor crops. The plant prefers moderate irrigation and is not particularly demanding on moisture. The basis of care is the removal of weeds, weeding and occasional watering.