What kind of fish to breed in Central Russia? Fish farming as a business

2024 Author: Howard Calhoun | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-17 10:16

Fish is a valuable dietary product. It contains a lot of trace elements necessary for normal human life. Doctors emphasize that for the normal functioning of the body, each person must eat several tens of kilograms per year (over 30 kg) or about 80 g of fish every day.

True, there is still a frank shortage of fish products on the shelves of Russian stores. The fishing fleet of our country is small and outdated, and natural fish resources are gradually depleted. Growing fish in Russia is just beginning, although the country has many natural reservoirs and plenty of opportunities to create artificial ones. In terms of water reserves, it is in second place after Latin American Brazil. A significant number of fresh water reservoirs make it possible to engage in fish production.

There is only one question left - what kind of fish to breed in central Russia? How to organize your own business so that it brings tangible profits?

Fish business

Any businessbased on supply and demand. Fish farming is also a business. Demand in the domestic market is high. Nowadays, consumers demand a large amount of fish products not only from large enterprises, but also from private farms with their mini-farms. In terms of profitability, the production of fish in a pond makes it possible to earn approximately 20% of net profit. Such commerce can be carried out in any regions of the country, including in central Russia.

At the same time, obtaining fish allows you to spend a little time - about 3-5 hours are needed per day for care. And breeding fish in artificial reservoirs as a business is almost not exposed to the danger of a sharp change in weather conditions or a cold snap. If you create a business correctly, you can recoup the money spent in a short time and reach a steady income.

Sale fish

Of course, the production of fish products is not an end in itself. The sale of fish is one of the essential factors of this business. The cost of fish products depends on the cost, quality, type and demand. The most famous red fish is trout, its price is much higher than other fish such as crucian carp, tench, etc., but the cost of such a product is much higher, and they buy it much less.

It is not for nothing that 70% of the live fish market is made up of carps. Their cost is lower, but they are sold more easily. When you start your fish business, be sure to look around the fish market and stop for the most popular fish.

Need to choose distribution channels, establish contact with enterprisescatering (perhaps they will become regular customers), restaurants, cafes and supermarkets (many agree to cooperate with farmers if you have all the necessary permits). After all, you can sell fish just in the market.

Fish Development Forms

The ways of breeding fish are quite diverse:

• Pond farming - using one, basic body of water to produce fish (enough for any species).
• Cage production of fish is especially effective for large specimens. With this form of cultivation, the producer uses some part of the reservoir, distributing the water sphere with cage lines.
• The pool method allows you to produce fish in artificial, relatively small reservoirs. They can organize everything for breeding freshwater fish species: predatory (pike, perch), herbivorous (bream, carp), etc. Some businessmen have mini-reservoirs in the form of small containers.

Artificial reservoirs

There are two main ways of breeding fish in nature: in artificial (dug out by man) and natural (created by the elements) reservoirs. The last way is quite difficult to implement because of the cumbersome administrative barriers of the Russian bureaucracy. It is very difficult to rent or buy, for example, a lake. Significant time will be spent on collecting papers, conducting coordination with numerous authorities. And you can buy the right to lease a certain natural reservoir only after winning the announced competitive bidding.

An artificial pond is usuallypond. In Soviet times, collective farm ponds were up to 0.5 and even 1-3 square meters. km. What types of fish are suitable for breeding in artificial reservoirs? They usually grew crucian carp, carp, less often varietal species of fish.

But ponds can be small. Nowadays, small ponds with a water surface of 1-3 square meters are created on the territory of personal plots. m. They do not need to carry out legal approvals. You can swim in them, use them for decorative purposes, breed some fish “for the soul”. And it can be used in commercial tasks. After all, even such a reservoir allows you to bring a good income. Fish business can start small.

However, the owner of the pond must be aware of the presence of a whole list of subtleties, such as water temperature, degree of acidity, pond volume, number of fish, etc. Ignoring the leading rules can lead to the death of the fish. It is necessary to determine in advance the number of specimens and the species characteristics of the inhabitants that the entrepreneur is going to populate in the pond.

Pond requirements

What kind of fish to breed in central Russia - depends on the characteristics of the pond. Have you decided to build an artificial pond on your own plot (preferably large)? Get ready to breed algae in it - it's a good free meal for future residents. Peat and silt should not be left at the bottom of the pond, no matter what quality they are. It is necessary to decide in advance that the reservoir is needed specifically for production and reproduction, and not just for keeping fish.

Decorative parts of the pond can be searched in your own waytaste, but during construction it is necessary to determine some important factors when breeding fish: the most optimal pond volume is from 30 to 50 square meters. m, a reservoir of a smaller volume will be unprofitable, and a larger pond will be too expensive to build and operate. It is necessary to dig a pond in a low-lying area with an exit at the bottom of springs; there must be a shady place so that the fish can hide in it during the hot season.

It is better not to design a flat bottom near the pond, but to produce sections with rapids and long ledges. Any kind of fish loves water bodies with different characteristics of the soil and bottom depth.

Pond fish

To determine what kind of fish to breed in central Russia, you need to start with the type of reservoir you choose. An artificial reservoir has a peculiar microclimate that is not suitable for all types of fish. There is less oxygen in stagnant water, it contains more microorganisms and various kinds of bacteria, small animals, including predatory ones. The relief of the bottom, banks, type of vegetation differ significantly from the rivers. There is a lot of silt in them. Not all fish can be in an artificial reservoir. However, the types of fish for breeding in artificial reservoirs in our country are quite diverse.

Carp (carp)

Of the total number of commercial fish for commercial weight in artificial reservoirs, one of the most suitable will be carp, crucian carp. Carp (carp) is not particularly picky about living conditions, it feeds on small benthic organisms, algae, and food for fish. Marketable carp grows over 3-5 years, standing out at a high speed.

The carp is a domesticated variant of the common carp - a rapidly growing fish that has several species and is able to adapt to any conditions of the reservoir. Carp perfectly grows in mass in medium-sized artificial and natural reservoirs warmed up by the summer sun. The most favorable for them will be slightly alkaline water. Carp can eat plant and animal food. Carp can reproduce by the age of 4-5.

Crucian carp

The crucian is also of great importance. It is also a rapidly growing fish. Carp is omnivorous and very profitable for fishing. Carp is a well-known fish for production in the breeding pool. He opts for exclusively still water, feeds mainly on algae. Adults can weigh up to 5 kg. The fish are very hardy. But in winter, due to thick solid ice, it needs oxygen. It can be served with ice holes in the ice plate.

Trout

Today, trout farming is considered a promising business and allows you to earn quite good money. The popularity of trout is known, its price is consistently high (450 rubles/kg). The current situation is facilitated by the increased demand of Russians for this valuable variety of fish. In addition, trout fishing on paid reservoirs is regularly gaining popularity. An increasing number of anglers prefer this kind of fishing, as the probability of pulling a fish out of the water is high and the bright feelings from this will remain for a long time.

Forgrowing trout breeding conditions must be properly organized. When the young trout reaches 1 year old, 500-1000 fish are placed in the pond.

Full-scale fish complex integrates a hatchery, fry pools, adult fish pond, feed rooms, fish product chillers and other necessary technical buildings.

Large-sized trout, which are fed for balyk production, are kept mainly in cages and ponds, occasionally in deep pools. Trout production in pools requires additional investment in proper equipment.

Most breeding fish reach the age of 3-7 years with a mass of at least half a kilogram. These two indicators of trout determine its activity during spawning. If the breeding cycles are correctly summed up, then spawning can be done all year round.

For growing trout, the following conditions must be considered:

• suitable water temperature for this fish is between 3-24 degrees;
• keep the water clear and reasonably clean with good oxygen content;
• for a quick increase in mass, fish must be supplied with a food base, which must certainly include all the necessary substances, trace elements, vitamins and mineral s alts;
• you definitely need astaxanthin, a compound with natural carotenoids, so that trout meat gets a bright red color.

If these conditions are maintained, in about four years the trout will reach a mass of 2kg.

Sturgeon

Culturing sturgeon breeds is quite a profitable and promising business. One kilogram of sturgeon costs up to 20 dollars, and the cost of black caviar reaches 1000 dollars per 1 kg. It is easy to calculate how much profit will be from such a business and its payback period.

Sturgeon breeds develop much faster under conditions of home breeding. If at first a small sturgeon weighs only a few grams, then in a year some individuals will weigh 1 kg, and the body length will reach half a meter. After two years of fattening, the sturgeon grows to several kilograms of weight. Manufacturers begin the commercial sale of individuals at an average age of approximately 1.5 years with a mass of 2 kg.

On a large scale in Russia, development is taking place near the river. Volga, where river water is used in the pool for fish breeding.

Fish numbers

Efficient fish breeding will be possible if certain rules are followed. To begin with, the most correct would be to determine the type of tank, the ratio of the depth of the reservoir with the selected type of fish. Then the problem of the number of fish fry for the pond is solved. Overpopulation of the reservoir negatively affects business. If there are obviously a lot of fish, food is overused, and the water deteriorates faster. When calculating the exact number of fish in the pool, it is necessary to divert at least 50 liters of water per 1 specimen 10–15 cm long. Pay attention to the size of the fish. Sturgeon fry will be much smaller than, for example, crucian fry.

Deep pool creates perfectconditions for finding fish in winter, and in summer a more even temperature is maintained. But there are also disadvantages: at depth, the water can remain cold for the active growth of microorganisms - food for fish. The absorption of atmospheric oxygen will be less than that of a small pool with an enlarged water surface. Because of this, the life process of the fish is deteriorating.

Other characteristics of the reservoir

Pools for breeding fish of different species differ in terms of water surface, depth, water supply level, soil type and other natural conditions. They differ from natural reservoirs in the regulation of ongoing processes: growing selected fish, artificial feed, fertilizer, and so on.

Important reasons that largely determine the effectiveness of the development of residents of artificial pools can be temperature, a chemical reaction. Some fish are thermophilic, others, as a rule, feel great at low temperatures. Constant changes in temperature and acidity levels can be dangerous for some fish species. Measurements of the acid reaction of water, temperature level, determination of the volume of oxygen should be carried out quite often, especially in winter. Changing the level of acidity to reduce it goes through liming, establishing the work of lime filters, mills.

We must also not forget to determine the compatibility of individual fish species with each other, some of them can compete for food.

In a properly designed pond, fish will thrive and grow quickly.

Food

It has already been said more than once about food for fish. This is one of the most important factors for the stable growth of the inhabitants of the reservoir. Meals will depend on what kind of fish to breed in central Russia.

It should be noted that there is no universal approach to the principle of proper feeding of fish. It's like asking about the best way to fish. In addition, much depends on the cultivated species, because all fish have their own food preferences. There are requirements for the conditions of detention and tasks. If a businessman wants to increase the growth rate of fish, then more protein-rich food should be added to the diet. Fish do not expect large amounts of food. For example, to increase weight by 1 kilogram, food should have a value of approximately 4,500 kcal.

You need to monitor the amount of amino acids in food, because they increase appetite and directly affect the rate of mass gain. They also prevent the occurrence of a large number of diseases in fish, especially in fry. The diet must also include various types of fats; a lot of fiber (the weight of its consumption depends on the type of fish produced, the most required specific gravity is 20%, for some species this level may be higher); biologically active compounds (these can be various enzymes or premixes); cereals (you can sprinkle bran into the feed, they will be an excellent source of carbohydrates); important vitamin B; food of meat origin (special flour, low-fat dairy food. Such a balanced diet will enable the fish to grow morerapidly, strengthen her he alth and increase the rate of reproduction.