A burner is Description, device, principle of operation, classification, photos and reviews

2024 Author: Howard Calhoun | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-17 10:16

Processes for mixing air with gaseous fuels are required in many industries, construction and households. By burning the resulting mixture, a variety of tasks are solved from the release of thermal energy to thermal cutting effects. The simplest tool for carrying out such operations is a burner - this is a small-sized apparatus in which a torch flame is formed from the burning fuel. There are many classifications of this device - both in terms of design and operational nature.

Typical burner design

The technical device of the tool focuses on the processes of receiving gas-air components, their mixing and combustion. The standard set of parts in the design can be represented as follows:

• Case.
• Handle.
• Oxygen nipple.
• Mixture outlet tube.
• Regulating valve.
• Tip and nozzle.
• Mixing chamber.
• Mouthpiece.
• Isolation fittings.

A source of gas-air substances is a prerequisite for the operation of this tool. The most commonly used scheme is the installation of a burner on a cartridge using a clamp and a union nut, but some models also allow connection to the main gas pipeline. Accordingly, in the first case, the autonomy of the working process is ensured, and in the second case, the stability of the burning of the torch.

Classification of burners according to the principle of operation

Usually there are models with injector and diffuse principle of operation. They differ in the mechanics of work, which determines the very process of organizing combustion.

In the case of injection burners, fuel is burned inside the tool due to the forced suction of oxygen. Mixing of gas and air can be partial or complete - the mode of operation depends on the requirements for the burner flame, intensity and temperature.

With the diffuse principle of operation, combustion occurs due to the fuel-air supply to the mixing chamber. Devices of this type are usually used in cases where a stable temperature regime is required throughout the torch. These can be service areas for industrial boilers, furnaces and other high-capacity thermal units. An important feature of the diffuse burner is the possibility of a stationary installation. Some models require a large flow of air mixtures, but do not provide complete utilization of combustion products, which alsorequires the creation of additional communications for their output through the chassis.

Classification of burners by type of fuel

The most common gas, liquid and combined burners. The former have a simple design, are distinguished by their speed, instant ignition and a fairly high power of thermal exposure. Gas models are used both in welding processes and in the maintenance of industrial equipment.

Oil-fueled burners predominantly operate on diesel and fuel oil. Both versions are designed to burn liquid fuel materials that are fed into the combustion chamber at high pressure, after which they are sprayed as a vapor, mixed with air and ignited. This process causes the complication of the design of the burner - this applies to the mixing chamber, which ensures the atomization of the same diesel engine to the smallest particles. In terms of power, liquid-fuel devices correspond to gas counterparts, but at the same time they can operate at low temperatures.

As for combined burners, they work on initially mixed fuel. For example, gas-oil or gas-diesel combinations may be used. Additionally, an air mixture is also supplied. Such models are expensive and provide rather low productivity, but they are universal in use and do not require changing the working equipment.

Classification of burners by regulation method

Almost all designs use a stepwise regulation scheme, but there is a significant difference inranges. So, single-stage models operate with limited power ratings, which leads to their frequent shutdowns when used in the same system with boiler automation.

More flexible in settings and ergonomic in operation, two-stage burners are models with two power ranges, the first of which gives a performance of up to 40%, and the second - up to 100%. The presence of two regulation modes is beneficial both from the point of view of the possibility of fine-tuning combustion through automation, and due to fuel economy, when it makes no sense to use the device with a full load.

It is used in some devices and the principle of smoothly two-stage adjustment. Its peculiarity lies in the fact that it is not abrupt switching between combustion modes that is implemented, but slow ones that do not imply turning off the device. The burner operates in a constant mode, pointwise adjusting through the automation settings to the specific needs of the current moment.

Features of the piezo ignition burner

Models with piezo ignition are easy to use, autonomous and safe. Unlike conventional burners, such devices allow the automatic ignition of the torch. This operation occurs as a result of pressing a special button on the handle, which is usually located next to the flame intensity regulator. Initially, the piezo ignition burner was used mainly in field conditions by tourists and travelers, who, in principle, may have problems with ignition in traditional ways inforce of operating conditions. But today, almost all types of designs of this unit are provided with this function, regardless of the source of fuel.

Welding torches

A specialized group of devices that are used in welding processes with the connection of a protective gas medium. Actually, the work of the burner in this case provides a whole range of important tasks from the formation of an arc to the direction of the gas mixture. By design, such models are made in the form of a pistol with a handle, a tip and a nozzle for releasing a torch. In some versions, a wire guidance mechanism is provided - in particular, semi-automatic welding is implemented. When choosing welding torches, it is worth considering the presence of protection on the body from the melt. The melting of the wire inevitably leads to sticking of the metal to the design of the working devices. The easiest way to remove welding waste is if the torch has a high temperature resistant chrome or ceramic coating.

Roof burners

Also special devices for specific tasks. Typically, roofing burners are used to heat the deposited coating. The peculiarity of such a roof is that it is laid on a molten bitumen mass, the temperature of which is just maintained by a burner. These are compact models with the same functional bodies in the form of combustion chambers and atomizers, but their tips have a smaller format for spot welding of the binder.material. Also, roofing models of burners can perform drying and firing of building materials.

Burners for heating equipment

Almost all gas boilers in one configuration or another interact with burners. They perform the functions of burning fuel, maintaining a given temperature regime. Most often used devices for the ignition of gas-air mixtures. All burners for boilers can be conditionally divided into atmospheric and ventilation, that is, inflatable. Often, heating equipment is equipped with such devices in the main design. In this case, the burner is built into the control unit and can directly interact with the boiler automation. Since the operation of gas equipment is implemented in accordance with strict safety requirements, means of preparing the working fuel composition can be provided between the source of the fuel mixture and the burner in this infrastructure. For example, these can be devices for filtering and deaeration of the mixture in order to bring its viscosity index to the standard level.

Burner bottles

It is more convenient to use separate containers - cylinders as a source of fuel. They are characterized by autonomy, a high degree of reliability and ergonomics. The main thing is to consider the compatibility of the burner with the fuel contained in a particular container. It can be propane, butane, acetylene mixture, argon for welding, carbon dioxide, etc. Small-format gas burners have also gained wide popularity. On a can theyare installed according to the principle of accessories from above. The balloon burner has a very modest weight of up to 100 grams. But, of course, the power of such a design will be minimal. Typically, such devices are used in tourist conditions for heating food and camping materials.

Reviews about burner manufacturers

The segment presents products from a variety of manufacturers who develop both heating equipment and household equipment with construction tools. In particular, for welding needs, many recommend the domestic model "Svarog IOW6960", which performs well when thermally applied to metal workpieces using the TIG method with the connection of tungsten electrodes. The device is inexpensive, but at the same time reliable and functional.

If you need a tool that is close to professional technology, then it is better to give preference to burners with piezo ignition from Sturm and STAYER. According to the owners, this product is characterized by versatility in use, safety and wide functionality.

Kovea models and Fire Maple devices are popular among tourists. Such devices are inexpensive, weigh little and do not take up much space in a backpack. But, as the practice of application shows, even in harsh field conditions they regularly perform their tasks, maintaining a stable burning of the torch.

Conclusion

Despite the widespread development of high-tech electrical apparatus, simple fuel combustion schemes are stillare in high demand. They not only allow you to perform the tasks of firing and heating, but also act as a lighting device. And most importantly, they do not require power supply from central networks, as is the case with electrical equipment. Which burners to choose so as not to be disappointed during operation? Much depends on the conditions of use and the tasks that a particular device will perform. But for power users, general-purpose choices include versatility, structural robustness, target fuel compatibility, and ergonomic features like compactness and ease of connection.