2024 Author: Howard Calhoun | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-17 10:16
Today, synthetic polymers occupy a very important position in the life of all mankind. They are used in various areas of our daily life: from clothing, dishes, toys to aircraft, rockets, cars. And one of the most interesting and indispensable for a number of unique properties is synthetic rubber. The formula of the natural analogue has a regular structure, while the synthetic analogue has an irregular structure.
Produce polymers of this type on an industrial scale began shortly before World War II in Germany and Russia. Sodium butadiene rubber "Buna" was produced in Germany. And in Russia, polybutadiene was the first to be produced on an industrial scale. It was produced by the method of anionic polymerization of liquid butadiene, developed by Lebedev S. V.
Already after the war, due to the lack of a natural product, a synthetic variety was also produced in the USA. From that time to this day, the production of various materials based on synthetic rubber, as well as allrubber products, refers to large-capacity production. Automotive, aerospace and aviation, mechanical engineering, construction, electrical engineering, medicine, footwear industry, consumer goods - none of these industries can exist without this unique polymer. Such a wide application is due to a complex of unique physical and mechanical characteristics of various types of rubber and rubbers based on them.
Synthetic rubber is an elastomer with elasticity, water resistance and electrical insulation properties. Using the vulcanization process, polymers of this type can be processed into rubber and ebonite.
All polymeric materials of this class are divided according to the field of application into rubbers of special and general purpose. General purpose synthetic rubber is one that is characterized by a complex of highly technical properties (elasticity, strength, wear resistance, etc.). General purpose rubbers are successfully used for a wide range of mass-produced products, mainly for car tires. These include butadiene, butadiene-methylstyrene, isoprene rubber, as well as isobutylene-isoprene copolymer (butyl rubber).
Synthetic rubber for special purposes always has several or one unique property that fully meets the special requirements for product performance in extreme conditions. For example, nitrile butadieneknown for its high oil and petrol resistance. Fluorine-containing are excellent sealants and sealants with increased heat resistance (over 200 ° C). Polysulfide synthetic rubber, vinylpyridine, urethanes, halogenated isobutylenes, etc. are also known.
Despite such a variety of types of polymeric materials in terms of structure and properties, today developments continue in this area in order to be able to satisfy the ever-growing demands of different consumers in various fields of activity.
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