Basic labor protection instruction for a vehicle mechanic at an enterprise

2024 Author: Howard Calhoun | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-17 10:16

Each profession has its advantages and disadvantages. And each profession is complex, time-consuming, energy-intensive in its own way, just working conditions can differ significantly. So, the work of one specialist can be as safe as possible and protected from unforeseen situations, and the specifics of the work of another master, meanwhile, may be due to such circumstances that can be accompanied by possible threats and dangers.

Just such a specificity is the work of a motor vehicle repairman - a mechanic. The instruction on labor protection for the chief or ordinary engineer-technician in production provides for a lot of requirements for the preparation of the work process, the direct performance of job duties and the end of work. This is because the working equipmentelectrified and mechanized can pose a real threat in case of improper operation. In addition, the cause of an emergency may be the banal negligence of a mechanic. The instruction on labor protection for an engineer of repair and installation work with vehicles at an enterprise in this case serves as a kind of guide that helps a specialist to secure his working conditions and minimize the risks of industrial injuries.

Working conditions and tasks of an auto mechanic at the enterprise

In order to understand what danger threatens an auto mechanic when working with various mechanical tools and electrical appliances, it is necessary to have an idea of the functions performed by him, prescribed directly in his job description. Labor protection for a mechanic for the repair, equipment and maintenance of vehicles provides for compliance with all safety rules and all standards for the operation of devices, which makes it possible to minimize the causes of an accident. What is the job of a motor vehicle mechanic?

• Chassis: maintenance and repairs.
• Internal combustion engines (ICE): repair, washing.
• Nozzles of injection engines: flushing, maintenance.
• Gearbox: repair work.
• Fuel equipment: gas tank repair.
• Anti-Lock Braking System (ABS) Repair.
• Setting and fitting the airbag (SRS).
• Service the Wheel Slip Control System (EDS).
• Supports multi-mode transmission (SUPER SELECT).
• Maintenance of aggregates and assemblies.
• Installation work, wheel alignment adjustment.
• Balancing and tire fitting.
• Crankcase Protection Installation Services.
• Maintenance.
• Fixing completed work in a worksheet and much more.

Any auto garage with the provision of appropriate services provides for the presence of several specialists of this category at the facility. Moreover, each enterprise, which has a certain number of vehicles on its balance sheet, also employs employees of this category in the person of one or more mechanics and the chief mechanic. The instruction on labor protection for each specialist of the installation and technical department involves the study by employees of each of its sections. The sections contain information about the general provisions, the rules for preparing the workplace, the obligation of certain actions at the time of the direct installation and repair work and the norms of behavior at the time the work is completed. Among other things, a separate section displays information about the rules of conduct in emergency situations.

General provisions

The initial danger can be carried by labor equipment and special technical equipment. A typical labor protection instruction for a motor transport mechanic begins with general provisions. They include a list of those items, familiarization with which is mandatory for every specialist who has taken this position at the enterprise.

1. Employment of a master in the technical installation of motor vehicles provides for the applicant to reach the age of eighteen. At the same time, he must undergo a mandatory medical examination, where the conclusion will record the absence of any contraindications for he alth reasons.
2. Occupation of the position of a mechanic implies the presence of the third and higher clearance group in terms of electrical safety. The specialist must undergo introductory and initial training at the workplace, as well as be familiar with safe work practices.
3. The future employee undergoes an internship at a specific workplace with the obligatory delivery of theoretical knowledge. This is a kind of check of the new staff unit by the management of the motor transport enterprise. In addition, a regular safety briefing for an employee of the auto mechanics department must take place at least once every six months, and at least once a year he must undergo a medical examination in a clinic - these decisions are provided for by order of the Ministry of He alth and Social Development No. 302N, approved on April 12, 2011.
4. In addition to scheduled briefings, the mechanic is required to undergo unscheduled ones, which may be due to changes in technological processes, adjustment of labor protection rules, replacement or improvement of one of the vehicles, its parts and specific devices, as well as changes in working conditions at the workplace.
5. In my immediate laboractivity, the auto mechanic must be guided by the rules of the internal staffing and comply with the requirements of the labor protection instructions, as well as paragraphs of the regulation on fire and electrical safety measures.
6. Personal protective equipment and items of overalls issued to a full-time employee should be used by them exclusively for their intended purpose. In addition, the issued inventory and work equipment require careful treatment and appropriate putting in order as needed (cleaning, washing).
7. After working activities, it is imperative to observe personal hygiene precautions: the remains of the means used by the mechanic in the process of work must be thoroughly washed off with soap, especially before eating, which is essential.
8. An employee of the auto mechanics department must be aware of the location of the first aid kit, fire fighting equipment and be able to use them in case of emergency. In addition, he, like any other employee of the enterprise, must be familiar with the basic concepts of first aid.

Among other things, according to the standard occupational safety instructions for a road transport mechanic, as, in principle, in any other field of activity related to repair and maintenance, it is not allowed to leave your workplace without permission chief mechanic. An ordinary employee should also not perform the work that is not entrusted to him by management. It is forbidden to smoke or eat during working hours on the workingplace - this is done exclusively in the designated areas: smoking is allowed in the smoking room, lunch - in the dining room or a special room for eating.

Threat factors

In fact, there are a number of various points that a transport technician should beware of when performing their immediate duties. Their list is also spelled out in the basic instructions for labor protection for a garage mechanic. The following aspects are dangerous:

• moving mechanisms and machines, as well as moving parts of working equipment;
• excessively high or low temperature of the equipment itself and materials with which the mechanic has to work (carburetor, injector, engine parts);
• high mains voltage that could cause a short circuit;
• high static electricity;
• sharp edges, gaps and roughness in workpieces, tools and equipment directly used by a mechanic;
• dislocation of the mechanic's workplace at relatively high surface levels from the floor or, conversely, underground - in a caisson (garage pit);
• increased dust and gas contamination of the working space (car exhaust fumes, sediment from the operation of working tools, etc.);
• lack of noise isolation - excessive vibration and noise of running engines, equipment, tools negatively affect the concentration of attention in the workflow;
• serious abnormalities in the level of humidity in the garage;
• abnormal changes in air temperature at the mechanic's workplace;
• poor illumination of the working area of the master technician in the garage;
• sliding surfaces of the floor, tables, machines, behind which the garage employee works.

In order to avoid damage and industrial injuries, the mechanic must be provided with overalls, as well as special shoes and other necessary means that provide personal protection and are provided for by the current labor protection standards at an enterprise of this kind of activity. Protective equipment that has already expired should not be used.

In order to avoid loss of attention and orientation at the workplace in the work process, the use of alcohol and drugs is also strictly prohibited, as well as being at work in a state of intoxication (alcohol or drugs). If any unforeseen situation threatens the life and he alth of employees in this sector of the work process, the mechanic must necessarily report what is happening to the direct management. If an ordinary or chief mechanic fails to comply with instructions on labor protection and the release of vehicles for a scheduled destination, a garage employee may be held liable in accordance with the current legislation of the Russian Federation.

Rules for preparing to start the workflow

Before directAt the beginning of the performance of his labor duties, a specialist in the repair and maintenance of vehicles must follow certain labor protection requirements at work. The instruction for mechanics provides a number of preparatory procedures at the initial stage of performing functional duties.

• The first thing the garage technician should do is put on their work uniform and special shoes, and prepare all personal protective equipment (PPE) - gloves, goggles, mask if necessary. It should be noted that the hair at this moment should be removed under the headdress, and the pockets should be checked by him for the presence of foreign things and objects.
• At the beginning of the working day, the mechanic receives direct tasks from his supervisor for execution, if necessary. In addition, if necessary, he also receives information in the form of a briefing on the safety of the upcoming work.
• At the beginning of the shift, before the direct departure of vehicles to their destinations, the mechanic is obliged to conduct a visual inspection of all cars and trucks that are to be sent on a flight soon. For example, in logistics centers in the garage of an enterprise there are a lot of vehicles through which goods are delivered to retail outlets from a warehouse. And, according to the instructions for labor protection and technology, the mechanic, in order to prevent and minimize the risks of an emergency, carefully and thoroughly inspects all the working systems of the car: checks the brake system, engine, security system, fastening strengthwheels, etc.
• Directly at the workplace in the garage, a specialist should inspect the floor surface for slipping and cluttering with unnecessary garage or foreign equipment. If it is necessary to enhance the lighting, the mechanic must take care of the organization of additional lamps, spotlights, light sources.
• Also, according to the instructions for labor protection, the chief mechanic, like the ordinary, has the task of monitoring the he alth of the operating equipment and service platforms.
• During the entire working day, the mechanic must make sure that the equipment, which no one is currently using, is disconnected from the power supply. If necessary, he determines the areas for repair work by setting up barriers and puts up appropriate posters around the perimeter of this segment with inscriptions like: “Attention! Work in progress, do not turn on!”.
• In the course of work, the mechanic also checks the degree of wear of the equipment and its compliance with working conditions. If any inventory exceeded the norm of its operation, the mechanic reports this to the management, and then the issue of decommissioning such equipment is already decided.

Working with non-mechanized tools

The labor protection instruction for a mechanic at an enterprise provides for the operation of both equipment connected to the power supply and non-mechanized tools. As for the latter, the specifics of the work of a garage technologist-installer providestaking certain precautions. What's included?

• Checking appearance and assembly strength (wood handled tools must be equipped with hard materials, smooth surfaces without gouges, chips, or other defects).
• Inspection of tools for mounting on a console with a strong wedge in the free edge of the handle (chisels, barbs must be equipped with mild steel tips, and the handles must not have cracks, hooks, splits).
• Sizing wrenches to match nuts and bolt heads.
• In the case of cutting metal, a mandatory check is made of the reliability of fixing the discs on the workbench, as well as the serviceability of the notch.
• The reliability of the screwdriver handle is checked so that the rod sits firmly in the handle with side edges.
• Particular attention is paid to working with a jack: before using it, a mechanic must inspect the equipment for serviceability, determine the service life, taking into account the data from the technical passport, and evaluate the density of pneumatic and hydraulic connections. In addition, the garage specialist must check that the jacks have locking devices that exclude the possibility of the screw coming out and the car spontaneously lowering at the time of removal from the lever.

Working with electrified tools

In the case of using an electrified tool in the work, the instruction on labor protection of a mechanical engineer providesalso some mandatory activities in the process of preparing electrical engineering for the work process. The actions of the mechanic in this case are aimed at checking:

• protection of all electrical appliances and power tools with insulated contacts of electrical wires: to prevent their interaction with moisture and the possibility of mechanical damage, the wires are protected by rubber hoses and fixed at the free end with a plug with a special plug;
• locate in a safe and convenient place for all equipment connected to electrical power;
• presence and serviceability of the warning system of equipment, as well as grounding of zeroing wires (if necessary, the ventilation system should also be inspected);
• safety of the trajectory of moving equipment - all surfaces must be flat, stable, not slippery;
• serviceability of portable ladders and ladders when working with electrical appliances in hands on a hill - it is necessary to study the structural strength and reliability of fasteners, as well as the surface of the material for knots, cracks, protruding bolts that can injure; in addition, the legs of the stairs should have rubber or silicone "shoes" for a stop, which are designed to prevent slipping on the floor surface, and the period of use with an inventory number indicating belonging to a particular enterprise should be indicated on the string of the stepladder.

A mechanic is prohibited from performing his duties if a technical malfunction is detectedaccessories of devices, devices and tools, which is indicated in the instructions of the manufacturer of the product. It is also forbidden to start work in the absence of personal protective equipment. If a mechanic discovers any of the problems described in the garage with vehicles, he must report it to his immediate supervisor.

Mechanic safety rules at the time of direct performance of official duties

The work of a technical fitter is important not only in the field of road transport maintenance: the services of a specialist of this profile are used by railway companies, airlines, and shipping companies. So, the pilot crew is responsible for control over the performance of the functional duties of a technologist on an airplane, and the captain is responsible on a ship. The instruction on labor protection for ship transport mechanics, unlike automobile transport, provides for the need at any time, for all 24 hours a day, while on a voyage, to respond to breakdowns and malfunctions of the ship's engine room. The mechanic of the garage is included in the work with the arrival at the workplace and leaves it at the end of the working day. Therefore, he is faced with the task of studying the rules of conduct in the workplace at the stage of preparation for the start of the work process, during the period of direct repair and maintenance work and at the end of the working day.

At the time of the direct work process, the labor protection instruction provides for the observance of the following aspects of the mechanic's activity:

1. Deviceslifting equipment, safety, portable and mobile devices, as well as personal protective equipment must be intact and in good condition.
2. Fencing, blocking and other devices that ensure safe work activities must be present directly in the work area - it is strictly forbidden to remove and move them.
3. The trajectory of movement of maneuvering devices and rotating parts of machines should not intersect with the location of the employees of the garage, so as not to hook them and cause injury.
4. Do not come into contact with live equipment.
5. The workplace must be kept in strict order and clean.
6. When starting the machine, layout equipment, machine tool equipment, you need to personally make sure that there are no workers in the area where the machine is working, and no one can be harmed by its movement.
7. Repair and routine inspection of electrical installations should be carried out with the valves and fuses removed.
8. You can check the absence of an increased voltage level on the main areas of the equipment using a voltmeter or voltage measurement indicator.
9. It is necessary to ensure that when working with switching equipment and knife switches, there are warning posters with inscriptions like: “Caution, the device is working under voltage”, etc.
10. When working with electrical appliances, you need to use tools with insulating handles present on them that prevent the passage of current. Such tools can be pliers, wire cutters, pliers. Screwdrivers must also be equipped with a dielectric coating.
11. Equipment like a transformer, a soldering iron should be checked and repaired in a timely and systematic manner.
12. Laying tools should be carried out in the right place for work - it is necessary to monitor the reliability of fixing the workpiece on a workbench or in a vice. Metal cutting should be carried out in mesh glasses, and the metal shavings formed after cutting must be cleaned exclusively with a brush, not gloves. It is strictly forbidden to blow off and rake such shavings with your hands.
13. When working with an electrical appliance, the mechanic must monitor the grounding of the body of the power tool, and also protect himself by wearing dielectric gloves. Underfoot should be a pad or rubber mat. Wires must be protected from mechanical damage. If they overheat, you must immediately disconnect the device from the power supply.
14. When assembling and disassembling mechanisms and assemblies, the mechanic is obliged to monitor the safety covers on the devices that prevent the springs from flying off.
15. In the case of working with hydraulic hoses, it is necessary to monitor the serviceability and reliability of their fastening on the stands of hydraulic devices.

Forbidden moves

The labor protection instruction provides a list of prohibited actions:

• Don't use a tool that is defective or one that is not up to the task -devices and mechanisms are used exclusively for their intended purpose.
• It is forbidden to lengthen wrenches by attaching one wrench to another.
• It is contraindicated to use faulty mechanisms that ensure the lifting of the load and its capture.
• It is impossible to fasten parts and tools while on mobile equipment. In addition, it is forbidden to jump from moving installations, as well as ladders and stepladders.

Among other things, it is forbidden to lift heavy loads. If you feel unwell, stop working and contact the first-aid post.

Emergencies

In case of emergencies - when observing sparking devices, equipment malfunctions, severe overheating of equipment, fire - it is necessary to immediately stop all work and turn off electrical appliances from the power supply. The mechanic is obliged to notify all working people about the accident, to ensure their safety by taking them out into the street or restricting access to the source of the spread of danger. Management must be immediately notified of the incident. In the event of a fire, call the fire brigade by dialing 101 or 112.

Finishing work

At the end of the work, the mechanic must check for:

• assembling and stacking tools in the right place for this;
• cleaning up spilled oil or fuel, if any, with sand or sawdust, followed by their tumblingin metal boxes with lids;
• cleaning used materials in metal trash bins;
• tidying up the workplace.

The mechanic himself must take off his overalls, take a shower, or at least thoroughly wash his hands and face with soap.