Plant "ZIL". Plant named after Likhachev (ZIL) - address

2024 Author: Howard Calhoun | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-17 10:16

Automobile factories are the most important part of the state self-sufficiency of any more or less large country. Of course, in our state there are many such enterprises, one of which is the ZIL plant. The history of its appearance and a description of the current state are set out in this material.

How it all began

In 1915, it finally became clear that the technical backwardness of the Russian Empire was costing her dearly at the front. One of the reasons for the gigantic losses in manpower and equipment at the front was the simple fact that shells and cartridges could not be brought up to the first line of defense. There were no trucks and horse traction was not efficient enough.

That is why in 1916 the first building of the AMO plant was laid on the territory of Tyufeleva Grove. Its construction was fraught with great difficulties, since there simply was not a single machine tool in the country for the production of the necessary parts. It was also impossible to produce the machines themselves in Russia, and therefore everything needed was ordered in the USA.

After Red October

In 1918,after the October Revolution, workers had to find ways to make spare parts, since there were no more supplies from abroad. On November 1, 1924, the first Soviet AMO truck was manufactured, which was entirely built from domestic components. This date is considered to be the day of the beginning of the modern Russian automotive industry.

In 1927, I. A. Likhachev. He took office in the conditions of a severe crisis, when the country did not have either skilled workers or capacities to produce at least a sufficient amount of high-quality steel. Production under such conditions was so expensive that trucks shipped from the US cost 30% (!) less!

To cope with this, in 1931 a massive reconstruction of the plant was carried out. How great the scale of the work was, is evidenced by the phrase of Likhachev himself: "In fact, we sewed the coat to the buttons …". At that time, the ZIL plant was also called ZIS. Until 1939, the company was able to produce about 40 thousand AMO trucks alone, not to mention approximately the same number of American cars that were produced at that time under license. Recall that from 1917 to 1920, less than two thousand cars left the gate. By 1939, the factory employed 39,747 people.

1941-45

The war became the most difficult test both for the whole country and for the plant staff. Since the enterprise produced the most important products (not only trucks, but also regimental guns, shells, etc.), its workersthe front was not called. However, they worked in such difficult conditions that young people preferred to go to the front line.

Huge difficulties were added by the fact that in 1941 the plant had to be evacuated to other cities, in parts. In 1942, due to the difficult situation at the front and the threat of the Nazis seizing the production base, an order was given to completely destroy the enterprise. The ZIL plant was saved only by the winter counteroffensive near Moscow, as a result of which the order was withdrawn.

Of course, soon the company was left mainly with older employees, women and teenagers. Half-starved, in unheated workshops, they had to collect front-line norms. And they did it. More than 100 thousand trucks were produced during these terrible four years!

Post-war period

At this time, the ZIL plant began to actively rebuild and reconstruct. Around the same years, the USSR began active cooperation with the PRC. As a result of negotiations in China, a plant was rebuilt, and Soviet documentation was used during the construction. In addition, Chinese specialists were invited to the USSR for training.

The entire subsequent period, until the end of the 80s, the ZIL plant in Moscow increased production volumes. The specialists of the enterprise participated in all large-scale projects of the country: medicine and space, the army and the automotive industry - all this was done, including by their own hands.

Heavy 90s

The first half of the gloomy 90s, the plant was still holding on. Somehow rescuedthe contracts remaining from the Soviet era, and the widely deployed businessmen still bought cars. In 1994, the conveyor belt produced the "last of the Mohicans", the ZIL-130. It seemed that the plant named after Likhachev (ZIL) was living its last days.

Since 1995 things have gone from bad to worse. More than half of the shops fell into disrepair, the workers quit en masse, as they had nothing to feed their families. Partially rescued orders of small industries, under which other production facilities sometimes collected small batches of products. By 2011, the situation had worsened so much that the abandoned factory area was already comparable in size to the area of the entire All-Russian Exhibition Center.

1996-2011

In 1996 Dmitry Zelenin and Alexander Efanov became the owners of the rapidly collapsing enterprise. It must be said that they never saw themselves in such a position, but they could not get past the shares of the plant, which in those years cost literally a penny.

First of all, they installed a normal security system, patched up giant holes in the fences (they even stole machine tools), and also introduced new passes, since the old system had not actually worked for a long time. In the first month, the theft of about a million dollars was prevented. It seemed that things went smoothly, buyers of ZIL cars appeared again. The Likhachev plant gradually acquired new customers even abroad.

New failure

Alas, Luzhkov thought otherwise. Since the plant that began to make a profit became too tidbit for domesticbusinessmen”, Efanov and Zelenin were quickly forced to sell a controlling stake. The enterprise again became the property of Moscow, which had absolutely no need for the dying auto giant before.

Officially, millions of dollars were poured into production, the value of shares grew … But things went from bad to worse, workers again did not receive wages for months. This was how things went until 2010. By that time, the plant was almost abandoned. Where almost 40,000 people worked in 1939, only 7,000 remained in the "age of democracy". In 2010 they assembled 1258 (!) trucks. Conveyor stopped.

The only thing that saves the plant is that there are workshops on vast areas in which funds are actually invested, and therefore they produce something tangible. Money even comes from Japan.

2011

This year was remembered for the fact that Sobyanin came. He dismissed the director who was unclear on the account, rejected offers to sell the plant, and began to pour money into the enterprise again. Will there be success? So far, nothing is known. However, on August 30, 2011, the production process was finally launched again, more or less stable assembly of cars began. One can only hope that the Likhachev plant will nevertheless overcome this crisis.

New trends

Given that the active re-equipment of the army is underway today, the management of the enterprise has considerable hope that state orders will be placed at its facilities. Given the history and the gradually resurgent class of constructors, they have everything for thisgrounds. In any case, the government has repeatedly stated that it is impossible to allow the final looting of the enterprise in any case.

In particular, the company was finally approved as a city-forming company. This means that it will be supported regardless of economic justifications. The ZIL plant is in this state today. Company address - 115280, Moscow, st. Avtozavodskaya, 23.