Petroleum products - what is it and where are they used?

2024 Author: Howard Calhoun | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-17 10:16

Oil (or “black gold”) is a combustible liquid fossil of biological origin. This is a kind of mixture of hydrocarbons with compounds that contain oxygen, sulfur and nitrogen.

What are petroleum products?

Petroleum products are mixtures obtained after the processing of "black gold". Initially, distillation is carried out. Then cleaning. There are almost five hundred chemical compounds in oil. All of them are in various states of aggregation. They can be gaseous, solid or liquid.

How to determine the presence of oil in wastewater?

Determination of oil products in wastewater is carried out by three main methods:

• gravimetric;
• gas chromatographic;
• IR spectrometry.

If any of the above methods are used correctly, accurate results of determining the presence and quantity of oil are obtained. There are two more ways to determine. But they show not quite accurate results and require additional verification. The main method for determining oil is called gravimetric.

Industrial value of oil

Oil is one of the mostvaluable types of raw materials, which has a second name - "black gold". And all because the countries in which there are deposits of this combustible liquid fossil are leading in the world economy. Petroleum products are processed oil, the products of which have entered into all spheres of human life.

In everyday life, people often use substances or objects made from "black gold". Moreover, they often do not even realize that fossil fuels are included in the composition of things familiar to everyday life. These are kettles, washing machines, toys and much more.

Where are petroleum products stored?

Storage of "black gold" and oil products is carried out in special tanks, which are installed not only at oil fields, but also at pumping and filling stations. And also at processing plants, oil depots and gas stations.

The tank for oil products is made of non-combustible materials. Tanks can be located directly on the ground or under it. The most popular are cylindrical tanks made of steel. At small tank farms, underground and aboveground horizontal cylindrical tanks are installed. RVS tanks with spherical, shield and conical roofs are common. The bottom is flat.

Reservoirs can be low, high and overpressure. Large reserves of oil and oil products are stored mainly in underground storage facilities. The safe and correct operation of the tanks is ensured by additional special equipment.

Control overquality of petroleum products

The quality of petroleum products is tested in laboratories by sampling. From the moment the liquid fossil is received, to the final consumption. Oil samples are sometimes very different. The quality of "black gold" largely depends on the depth of its location. And oil products differ in the place and method of production, how exactly it was carried out. Storage conditions and duration are important. Therefore, to determine the quality of petroleum products, there are GOSTs that you should be guided by.

In what areas are oil and oil products used?

One of the most valuable properties of oil is combustion. Therefore, in the first place, this liquid fossil is used in industry as a fuel. Modern fuel consists of more than 50% oil. In second place in terms of the use of oil and petroleum products is the domestic sector. In addition, in the form of secondary raw materials it is used in medicine and cosmetology. Oil products are used to make jewelry and synthetic fabrics.

Where is crude oil and its waste used?

In its original form as a liquid natural fossil oil is rarely used. Only in the construction of pipelines and power lines. After mining, "black gold" undergoes special processing. First, the raw material is cleaned. Then the primary processing is carried out. At this time, the oil is distilled, separating into its constituent components. Then the secondary processing of "black gold" takes place, when the carbon structure of the natural resource changes.

Use of oil in industry

Waste "black gold" is used to produce coke, which is then used in metallurgy, and for the manufacture of welding electrodes. Refined oil is petroleum products. Russia is one of the countries that has huge reserves of “black gold” on its territory, its production is carried out all year round.

There is even such a variety as "white oil", which contains more than eighty percent of kerosene, it is used to treat oncology. Traditional healers make tinctures, compresses and ointments from this oil.

After primary processing, various types of substances are obtained:

• diesel fuel;
• gasoline;
• jet and diesel fuel;
• fuel oil;
• lubricants;
• LPG.

After the processing of fuel oil, an oil residue appears, from which:

• bitumen;
• paraffin;
• liquid fuel for boilers;
• many oils;
• asph alt.

Components that are obtained during the primary processing of oil are used in cosmetics, road and house construction.

Recycled oil is used to make:

• rubber;
• polymers;
• synthetic fabrics;
• rubbers;
• film materials;
• detergents;
• paint coatings;
• fertilizer;
• road surfaces, etc.e.

The use of oil in cosmetology

The high quality of some petroleum products allows them to be widely used in cosmetology. Recycled "black gold" has become the basis for shadows, varnishes, eyeliners and lips. Most perfumes and toilet waters are partly composed of petroleum products. And they are also part of the dyes and various jewelry.

The use of "black gold" in medicine

Petroleum products are processed and refined “black gold”. It was discovered many useful properties that have found their application in medicine. The most common drug is acetylsalicylic acid, or Aspirin. At the end of the nineteenth century, scientists found a way to extract a drug from phenol. Based on it now are made:

• antibiotics;
• drugs for diseases of the gastrointestinal tract;
• antiseptics;
• TB drugs;
• sedatives.

Food oil

In modern times, petroleum products are also part of the components of some food products. The use of a liquid natural fossil for human food was made possible by protein synthesis. It is produced from waste oil products. The resulting artificial protein perfectly replaces the animal and is widely used for the production of many food products.

It is possible to list everything that is produced from oil for a long time. These are many items used by people inEveryday life. The widespread use of oil is the main reason for the regular increase in its price. And this is true, since "black gold" makes it possible to warm up, move quickly, and also contributes to the creation of comfortable conditions in everyday life. It is quite difficult to imagine modern life without all this.