Management methods in management: description, characteristics and functions

2024 Author: Howard Calhoun | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-17 10:16

A leadership position requires a huge amount of knowledge, skills and abilities from a person. Most large companies provide induction training, and all of them have the disadvantage that they usually do not teach about management methods. The new boss is forced to learn this on his own or on the side. Ways to lead a team may vary, depending on the functionality performed.

Setting goals

Supervisory work takes a lot of time and effort, especially if it is carried out aimlessly and disorganized. The use of management methods in management helps to build a rational sequence of tasks assigned to the responsible person. It is important that the manager knows how to vary the ways of doing business with his subordinates - this is the only way to achieve maximum efficiency from the workflow.

With the help of managerial methods, the manager fully realizes his regulatory functions, and also influences the staff: activates his activity and gives it a creative character. The study of how to achieve goals through control is one of the key research topics in management and psychology.

Good use of resources

All ways to control the work of employees differ from each other by the nature of the action. Particularly relevant in our time are economic methods of management in management, the description of which is based on the activities of the relevant laws that affect the property interests of all parties to the work process. The main methods of this type used in business structures are economic and economic calculations.

Competent planning and forecasting are also directly related to the financial component of any organization, therefore they are relevant management methods. Economic incentives, justifications and analyzes of the enterprise's activities are also used by leading managers of commercial and government organizations. If the processes are built correctly, then the staff and the institution are satisfied with each other.

All economic management methods in management are aimed at increasing the efficiency of the organization, which implies a significant increase in profits. That is why company executives recruit experienced analysts who are able to calculate all possible risks in the work of the institution, as well asdevelop a plan to eliminate them and organize normal work activities.

Administrative decisions

Any system of management methods in management cannot do without a clear organization and making complex decisions (increasing or reducing staff, allocating additional bonuses, etc.). The principles of control in this case are formed with the help of laws aimed at conducting joint work, as well as on the basis of a person's psychological need for interaction and socialization. Organizational and stabilizing methods (joint trainings, team building, planning meetings, etc.) help to form the general structure of the institution, the rules of its work, as well as the general concept of its existence.

Administrative principles should help in the implementation of operational management of the work of entire departments and individual employees. In this case, we are talking about the drafting of contracts, the formation of resolutions and decrees that are directly related to the work of the organization and its financial well-being.

The third variety is disciplinary methods, with their help you can maintain the stability of work in the institution. If they are used correctly in the organization, then the staff has an idea of their own responsibility for failure to perform their duties. This also includes a system of motivation and bonus deductions for employees. The implementation of these principles usually requires additional assistance from the accounting department and the personnel department, without which it is impossible to carry out the correct execution of the relevantdocuments.

Searching for a personal touch

Socio-psychological management methods in management are perhaps the most important, since they can be used to influence the team and the individual. Sometimes even a simple conversation with a subordinate is enough to bring him back to normal and set him up for productive work. If the leader devotes time to each of his employees, then his influence on the team in this way can become very significant. But there is a risk here - specialists can forget how to make decisions and will constantly run to the authorities. Such moments must be strictly suppressed if you, as a leader, want to instill independence in them.

All these techniques can only be used by a manager with a very high moral culture, who respects his own team and each subordinate individually. They help manage the climate in the department, the mood of employees, and even their behavior towards each other and towards the company as a whole.

No competent management can do without such algorithms, social management methods in this case will play a less significant role. We are talking about internal etiquette, routine, regulation of mutual obligations and other ways of working with the team. The needs of employees and management must be met as much as possible - only then will it be possible to build he althy relationships in the team.

Ideally, all methods used should beclearly calculated by the administration of the enterprise, it must see the profit and costs that will be associated with their application. One cannot do without knowledge of psychology and sociology, otherwise there will be no effect from the use of various management techniques at all.

Psychological management methods in management should be used to harmonize relations within the team and create a calm environment. Employees should not experience discomfort in the performance of their immediate duties - this is the main purpose of their application. Such methods include programs for professional selection, additional training, humanization of labor activity, etc.

Logic and analytics

We should not forget about the quantitative methods of management in management, with the help of which financial, economic and accounting plans are developed. They are based on rigorous analysis and the logical conclusions that flow from it. The most striking example here is the creation and implementation of a business plan. Such methods are often used by management in marketing research and organizing other financial projects.

These methods should answer a number of questions. For example, how to correctly calculate the production of products, how many resources are needed for this, how many goods to create to fulfill a particular order, when you need to start work, etc. They all work in one way or another with numbers and indicators - the most accurate indicators of the success of an enterprise.

Managerial responsibilities

Functions andmanagement methods in management are inextricably linked - the former determine the latter. In theory, there are five main functions: control, planning, implementation, coordination and organization. The last two are the most difficult, as they are aimed at creating the structure of the enterprise, streamlining all its elements, building cross-functional interactions and providing action for more responsible subordinates.

To create a convenient and simple management system, you need to decide on the purpose of the enterprise. Based on it, it will be possible to develop a strategy for achieving the task. It is important that all employees fulfill their obligations. At the initial stage of work, it is necessary to determine who and for what in the company will be responsible, it is desirable that it be a mutual responsibility. During the existence of the USSR, the top-level administrative bodies did not have any responsibility to the ward organizations. The effectiveness of control was significantly reduced, since no one was accountable to small enterprises for unreasonable and erroneous decisions.

Structural formation

The relationship between forms and methods of management in management is also very high. Within each structure, there may be additional management units with their own regulations and the ability to interfere with the work of other departments of the company. That is why it makes sense to single out structures or forms of governance in a separate category. There are 6 in total:matrix, linear, program-target, functional, divisional and linear-functional.

The simplest of them is linear, when an employee reports to one immediate supervisor. The main problem that managers face at this stage is the competent selection of personnel. In addition, all managerial decisions here are made in a rather complicated way - an employee can obtain permission to conduct a particular activity only by going through the entire hierarchy of superiors. Slow response to market changes is just relevant for large enterprises with a similar form of management, where the number of levels reaches 5 and above.

If we talk about effective management, modern management methods used in it should be combined with a divisional form of management. Such a need arises due to the fact that the company's branches have the rights to conduct economic and operational activities, while the heads of departments have the opportunity to introduce innovative proposals and even take an agreed risk. With the help of divisional management, you can achieve a competent combination of the overall strategy of the company and the independent tactics of branches and internal departments.

Building the perfect system

Management methods help in achieving maximum efficiency of the enterprise, but they may not be enough. It is important to perceive a person as the main source of efficient production, to carry out work planning in terms oflong-term need for employees, it is recommended to work with a small management staff. In developed economic countries, they try to use these simple rules, while in local organizations much attention is paid to educating employees in leadership qualities, and good leaders grow out of them in the future.

Orientation to human values should be at the center of any managerial system, otherwise there is a risk of reducing the motivation of employees to a minimum level and constantly being on the lookout for new subordinates. Employees should have strong autonomy in job descriptions, so they can develop entrepreneurial spirit and the ability to take responsibility in difficult situations.

Ideas and rules of conduct

People who are not related to controlling activities sometimes confuse the principles and methods of management in management. Principles are ideas aimed at the implementation of regulatory functions, and methods are clear actions for their implementation. All actions aimed at controlling activities in the organization should be carried out only on the basis of scientific approaches and after a preliminary analysis. For example, a carefully crafted system of rewards and punishments can motivate employees to achieve high goals for themselves and for the company as a whole.

One of the principles that must be used is the combination of responsibility, duties and rights. All assigned tasks must be completed on time. In this case, employees should have an understanding of what threatens them and the organization with untimely completion of work. The duty of a leader is to be as honest as possible with subordinates, teach them to build logical relationships and conduct analytics of their own activities within their own functionality.

Democratization and adaptation are phenomena that have recently appeared among management methods in management. Their characteristics imply that every employee should have the right to participate in the regulation of the enterprise. New hires should receive maximum attention and information from their mentors, as well as be able to adapt to the structure and internal culture of the organization.

Difficulties of management

A leader who has subordinates to employees constantly faces various kinds of difficulties, and this is quite normal. To stay afloat and achieve the desired results, he simply needs to use various methods of managing the organization, management simply cannot do without them. One of the main tasks of the chief is to control the activities of his employees, especially at the initial stage. The ideal combination of rigor and justice can be achieved far from immediately, but the leader needs to strive for it.

Psychologists recommend maintaining a calm and positive atmosphere in the team. Employees should have the opportunity for professional development, and the company - the need for more developed specialists and readinessinvest resources, time and money in them. From a social point of view, the employee should be given the opportunity to communicate with the people around them and the opportunity to grow above them.

Despite the huge number of methods aimed at personnel management, they often fail to be used in full. The main reason for this is that all the employees managed by the manager are completely different, so when solving problems, you cannot use only one technique as a panacea. It is much easier to first find out the motivation of absolutely each subordinate and, based on it, draw up an individual work plan that will help the development and prosperity of the company.