Tractor cultivator: overview, specifications, features and reviews

2024 Author: Howard Calhoun | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-17 10:16

The cultivator for a tractor is an agricultural implement designed for surface tillage by loosening, as well as getting rid of weeds. In addition, the tool is used for the introduction of mineral fertilizers and cutting irrigation grooves. By purpose, these elements are divided into continuous steam units, tilled versions and special modifications. Consider the features of these devices.

Description

Tractor cultivator allows you to cultivate the land without disturbing the fertile layer, while removing weeds. The hitch for equipment makes it possible to prevent soil erosion. Simple models include mechanical control of the elements that process the soil. The operation of such a unit is possible with standard tractors or their compact counterparts. The dimensions of the treated area depend on the width of the grip, ranging from 300 to 800 millimeters.

Classic trailed-type varieties are capable of serving strips of land up to three meters wide in one grip, equipped withspecial operating devices. They are driven by hydraulics, equipped with additional cutters with a drive. They are connected to the working machine by an elementary trailing mechanism.

Row and special modifications

Tractor row cultivators are used for inter-row cultivation, elimination of weeds, loosening of soil between rows to preserve the natural moisture reserve. Also, these operations make it possible to improve the air and food supply of crops. The processing of certain crops involves hilling (tuberous plants). Special units have some structural differences and are used for processing gourds, beets, cotton, tea plantations, as well as orchards.

Steam cultivators for MTZ tractor

These modifications are used to care for the land for fallow, including pre-sowing soil preparation. In the spring, this kind of work is performed a few days after the harrowing. The depth of processing corresponds to a similar setting of seeds. The difference between the indicators should not exceed 10 millimeters.

Cultivated topsoil should be in small clods, with weeds ideally completely cut to the root. The bottom part of the furrow and the area of the field after processing are made even with a ridge height of not more than 40 millimeters. As a result of cultivation, part of the soil from below is not allowed to be brought to the surface. To improve soil leveling and moisture retention, continuous cultivationin a way parallel to harrowing.

Work items

Tractor cultivators are equipped with a set of interchangeable devices: loosening, flat-cutting and universal paws. They fall into several categories.

Razors or one-sided flat-cutting models are used to kill weeds. Lancet analogues cope well not only with the removal of weeds, but also loosen the soil up to 60 millimeters in depth, while the lower wet layer does not fall on the surface.

Unified sweeps of the lancet configuration are used for continuous and inter-row tillage to a depth of up to 140 millimeters. The mechanism perfectly cuts the weeds, crushes the soil layers, bringing the wet pieces partially up. These modifications differ from flat counterparts in the crumbling angle (26-30 and 12-17 degrees, respectively). Chisel mechanisms loosen the soil up to 150 millimeters in depth, are made as a single unit with the rack.

Other accessories

Cultivator for tractor T-25 can also be equipped with the following mechanisms:

1. Feeding knives, have a working width of 20 millimeters, are used for loosening row spacings, introducing fertilizer into the soil to a depth of 160 mm. Leveling of the remaining grooves is provided by the second weeding paw.
2. Harrow furrow cutters are equipped with a funnel for introducing fertilizers. The scope of their application - cutting irrigation grooves up to 200millimeters with inter-row finishing of tilled plants.
3. Ochniki differ from previous mechanisms by the absence of a funnel, focused on cutting ridges, removing weeds. Soil working depth - 160 mm, ridge height - up to 250 mm.
4. Needle-shaped discs are used to deform the soil crust and eliminate weeds in hard-to-reach areas. The needles enter the soil up to 40 mm, shifting the surface layer by 10-20 mm. These elements are made in three diameters: 0.35, 0.45, 0.52 m.
5. Harrows are used for loosening, equipped with spring teeth on a frame hinged to the beam of the sectional part.

Features

Judging by the reviews, cultivators for the MTZ-80 tractor are divided according to the type of installation. These are models that are hinged mounted on the base chassis of equipment and options that are connected to tractors through coupling devices. In addition, the mechanisms under consideration differ in the type of working bodies. Among them: milling cutters, rotors, disk and share versions, as well as hillers. Depending on the design, the units are interconnected with the active bodies of passive or active action. The first type is driven by hydraulics, the second type is operated by powered cutters.

Features

Let's consider the parameters of a mounted cultivator on a tractor according to the type of the popular KON-2.8A model:

• gripping width - 2800 mm;
• performance rate - 2.0 ha/h;
• seeding - from 30 to 700 kg/ha;
• overall dimensions - 2, 45/3, 2/1, 62m;
• row spacing - 700 mm;
• reserve of fertilizers in depth - up to 160 mm;
• structural weight - up to 0.66 t;
• clearance - 300 mm;
• speed - 10 km/h;
• aggregation with tractors of traction category - 1, 4 t.

Working principle

The transverse frame beam rests on wheels, five working compartments and seeding devices of a fertilizer configuration are fixed on it. To interact with the tractor, an automatic coupler lock is used, which is welded to the frame bar. The working section is a parallelogram mechanism with four links. It consists of a front bracket, a link in the form of the letter "P", an upper adjustable analogue, a beam. Fixed on the last element: working holder, support wheel frame, two side elements.

Sections are rearranged along the frame, which allows processing row spacings with a width of 0.6-0.7 m. tilt.

Additional features

The central holders of the cultivator up to m / n tractor are fixed in the grooves with shear screws. To set the required depth, the stand of the main body in the holder is moved and fixed with stopper bolts. The distance between the parts is transversely transformed by moving the side bars in the ridge sinuses.

Each section according to positions and angles of inclination of workerselements is adjusted by changing the length of the central link of the hinged structure. On the sections there are places for mounting longitudinal, universal, chisel-shaped devices, hillers and similar equipment. You can also use mesh and rotary harrows.

Homemade cultivator for tractor

Modern tractor cultivators are not so cheap, so many farmers design home-made counterparts. For the manufacture of the simplest small-sized unit, a certain set of tools and materials will be required, namely:

• grinder saw;
• discs for metal;
• welding machine with electrodes;
• different abrasive sheets of sandpaper;
• drill and drill set;
• steel square in the form of plates with dimensions of 150/150 mm;
• rectangular flat inserts needed to make cutters;
• the width and length of the last elements depends on the model of the tractor, the optimal size is 40 mm in width and 250 mm in length;
• strong steel pipe;
• two pairs of nuts and eight bolts.

When choosing components, one should take into account the moment that they must have appropriate strength and be as resistant to corrosion processes as possible. This is due to the fact that the technique is often used in an environment with a high content of moisture and acids, which adversely affect the metal parts of the units.

Stages of work

Production processtractor cultivator, the price of which will be significantly lower than the factory counterpart, is divided into the following stages:

1. A connecting hole is drilled in each plate.
2. The plates are combined in such a way that there is one cutter on each side of the square.
3. Parts are fastened using a bolted or welded method.
4. After combining the working elements, a hole is made in the center of the structure through which a metal tube is threaded.
5. The last element is cut into a pair of identical blanks, each of which is put on a part with cutters, fixed by welding or bolting.
6. Both halves of the unit are connected to the power take-off shaft. This can be done with a drill and a few bolts of suitable length and diameter. The tractor shaft and tube with cutters are drilled through. The location of the hole depends on the modification of the tractor. For large machines, the nest is drilled closer to the center. A bolt is threaded through the obtained compartments, on which a standard and a lock nut are fixed.

Finally

Before testing a homemade cultivator in action, you must carefully check all its connections for reliability and backlash. If the elements hang out, the unit will quickly fail under the weight of the soil. It must first be tested on loose soil, which will allow you to evaluate the quality of the device, and only after that proceed with the processing of hard rocks.