Customs logistics: description, functions, features of work

2024 Author: Howard Calhoun | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-17 10:16

Logistics is one of the important components of the business environment, a fairly common phenomenon. Therefore, it has a number of varieties and subcategories. In the article, we will get acquainted in detail with one of them - this is customs logistics. Let's give a definition of this direction, its features, expediency of application.

What is this?

Customs logistics - a certain list of activities that are aimed at solving issues related to the organization of international supplies of products and various goods. This concept includes the preparation of documentation, flights, checking cargo for compliance with declarations, etc.

Customs logistics is designed to solve complex problems and tasks, designed to make the export and import of goods the most optimal and less costly for the manufacturer, distributor, carrier.

Is there a connection with the main concept? Yes, logistics and customs clearance are similar in that both here and there standard logistics methods of work are used. Something like: optimization of resources, schemes - both material (products, transport) and intangible (humanresources, useful information).

That is, logistics in the customs business makes it possible to optimize the processes in any way related to international cargo transportation.

Main goal

What is the main purpose of this direction of logistics? It becomes clear on the basis of the above - optimization and adaptation of various schemes for the delivery of products.

In transport and customs logistics, non-standard methods are used to achieve this goal. Ways to solve problems, first of all, are based on the professionalism, level of training and rich experience of logistics specialists working in this direction.

It is important to note that the work of a customs broker in logistics is highly valued. But such a high price is justified here. Since the results obtained with the successful organization of international transportation usually exceed all customer expectations.

Varieties

The following applies to customs logistics:

• Providing an expert assessment of the goods required for filling out customs declarations.
• Customs clearance "turnkey" (that is, including delivery).
• Help in filling out similar customs declarations.
• Certification, licensing, obtaining documents for transported goods and products.
• Customs clearance of the entire mass of goods - both for import and export.
• Advice on domestic and foreign customs legislation.
• Deliverya variety of cargo from anywhere on the map using sea, air, road or rail transport.
• After-flight customs escort of cargo.
• Provision of services for responsible storage of goods.
• Many other types of services that are directly or indirectly related to the organization of international transportation of goods.

Students in colleges of customs and logistics can name similar special cases:

• Issuance of technical passports for various vehicles.
• Certification of an individual for TVET.
• Customs clearance of excisable goods.
• Assist in certification and execution of other necessary permits when registering cargo.

When is it appropriate?

Logistics and customs clearance are closely related. We list the main cases in which it would be advisable to turn to the services of a specialist in this industry:

• The client has a reason to bring his own products to the international market.
• The client has a desire to use raw materials or products of foreign origin for their activities.
• One of the challenges facing the client is to become a distributor or wholesale buyer of any goods of foreign origin.
• Other cases where the customer needs to establish efficient regular channels for import and export of raw materials or finished goods.

Features of activity

Object-subjectthe field of customs logistics (LLC, individual entrepreneur and other legal forms of organizations in this industry) - foreign trade flows of products at the time of crossing customs borders, passing by them through customs inspection. The purpose of activities in this area is the effective logistics organization of all movements of goods relevant to customs, as well as their acceleration.

There are several functions of customs logistics:

• Tariff.
• Regulating.
• Financial and economic.
• Checkpoint.
• Information and analytical.

It is important to note that in this area, all the above functions do not operate separately, but are integrated.

Customs-type logistics is relevant in relation to foreign trade, financial, information flows, which are also integrated into a single flow. The purpose of logistics in the activities of the customs authorities is to control it. This is the duty of the customs service, customs posts and individual employees. They must carry it out directly when this integrated flow crosses the customs state borders.

Specific activity

Let's imagine the specific customs operations carried out by transport and logistics companies:

• Relationship between the production activities of customers and the crossing of customs borders. This requires both knowledge of customs requirements and compliance with them.
• The next task in this direction is interaction with customs authorities.
• Large-scaletransport and logistics companies have licensed customs warehouses and posts.
• Performing the functions of a customs carrier and broker.

Process participants

Customs logistics is not only the activity of purely transport and logistics organizations. They function in cooperation with the following specialists, companies and bodies:

• Clients: exporters and importers.
• Carriers.
• Forwarders.
• Enterprises providing complexes.
• Cargo agents.
• Logistics and transport intermediaries.
• Insurance firms.
• Credit and bank arrangers.

The main actors here are customs brokers and carriers.

Basic of operation

The basis of the customs functions of logistics is the logistics organization of the processes of customs processing of goods. It combines the processes of implementing various customs regimes, which are associated with the physical movement of foreign trade products and raw materials across the customs border.

Logistics in this case ensures the consistency of material, financial, information flows in customs activities, optimal technologies for moving various goods across customs borders, and speeds up these processes.

A big role here is given to the development of standard, traditional logistical requirements for participants in non-economic cooperation, customs authorities.

Exceptstandard economic methods, non-material factors are also used in this area. In particular, it is information and human resources. For example:

• Constant monitoring of compliance with the requirements of domestic legislation in the field of customs regulation.
• The ability to correctly classify goods for various customs purposes.
• Knowledge of changes, revisions of all regulatory documentation necessary for organizing foreign economic cooperation.
• Orientation in the intricacies of declaring, etc.

Important concepts in the field of activity

In their work, logistics and customs centers operate with the following concepts:

• Customs control. This is a set of measures that are carried out by the customs authorities to ensure compliance with domestic customs legislation (in our country - the Customs Code of the Russian Federation).
• Customs clearance. The set of customs operations and procedures performed by the relevant government agencies in the prescribed manner. They define for customs purposes the status of products and vehicles moving across the state border.
• Border subjects of the Russian Federation. This is the name of the state legal Russian entities with checkpoints open at land and sea borders.
• Customs infrastructure. This is the name of administrative buildings, information structures, communication and data transmission systems, technical stationary facilities that providecustoms control, research institutions and laboratories, higher and secondary educational professional organizations, computer centers, warehouses for customs and temporary storage, established specifically by customs authorities.
• Transport and logistics structure. A complex of various logistics and transport facilities that are designed to move goods and provide related services. Highways, power lines, bridges, terminal warehouses, transport and logistics complexes, etc. are considered such infrastructure.

Main streams

The basis of transport and logistics flows are foreign trade. First of all, they are transboundary in nature. They are divided into input (import goods) and output (products, raw materials for export).

Foreign trade flows complement information. They are divided into three groups. Weekends - from customs to central government agencies, input - from central government agencies to customs, accompanying - documentation for raw materials and goods.

The following flows, which are the object of customs logistics, are financial. There are two categories. Day off - collection and subsequent transfer of state duties to the budget. Input - financing of the customs system, carried out by the state.

Brokers

Customs representative (broker) - a Russian legal entity that was included in the Register of Customs Brokers. This definition is from Art. 139-140 of the Customs Code of the Russian Federation. Accordingly, a government agency cannot act as a customs broker.

This representative on behalf of the declarant (or other interested persons on their behalf) is authorized to perform various customs operations. It may also limit the scope of its activities to the performance of customs operations in respect of certain types of products. Or in relation to goods that are moved across the border by a certain transport. It is possible to limit the scope of your work to specific regions.

Relations between customs brokers and declarants and other interested parties should be built on a contractual basis. Refusal of a customs representative to provide a service in the presence of such an opportunity is not allowed.

Carriers

A customs carrier is an enterprise that transports goods between customs structures without applying measures to guarantee such delivery to the destination.

This carrier is a Russian legal entity, which was included in the Register of Customs Carriers of the Russian Federation. It moves goods under customs control. It relies in its activities only on the conditions and cases specified in Art. 93 Customs Code.

He may limit the scope of his activities to a specific region in which one or more customs authorities operate. Business relations of carriers are formed on the basis of an agreement with forwarders or senders. Refusal to conclude a contract by the carrier when it is possible to make delivery is not allowed.

Customs logistics is one of the important areas of logisticsgenerally. We know what it is, what are its functions, varieties, expediency. The main figures here are brokers and carriers. In their activities, they rely on the provisions of the Customs Code.