Woodworking production: characteristics and technological process

2024 Author: Howard Calhoun | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-17 10:16

Woodworking is one of the fastest growing industries in Russia. Modern woodworking production makes it possible to obtain lumber, log cabins, furniture and many other products through wood processing.

How to improve efficiency?

Sawmilling is a traditional craft for our country. But, compared to the past, modern equipment allows cutting, drying and processing wood not only better, but also faster. Woodworking production today is aimed at increasing the efficiency of sawmilling through the introduction of new processing technologies and innovative equipment. As a result, many processes are becoming mechanized, old machines are being replaced by new models, automatic wood processing lines are being introduced with its rejection and sorting.

Features of sawing

Wood products are made from wood and processed in different ways, depending on what exactly the woodworking industry is engaged in: logging, furniture making and woodmass, the manufacture of paper, cardboard and products from them, and so on. In general, the stages of the technological process can be described as follows:

1. Timber harvesting. It is carried out on a specially selected site for logging.
2. Sawing wood and sawing fallen trees into logs.
3. Rejection to sort large and small logs of different diameters.
4. Already at the sawmill production, the primary processing of logs into lumber using circular or tape machines. Here it must be said that the production of woodworking equipment today is being carried out at an active pace, therefore woodworking is both faster and better.

Let's consider the above technological steps in a little more detail.

Opening and drying

These two processes are closely related, and they can follow the enterprise in a different sequence. Most often, the wood is dried directly in the boards, and the lumber is cut into blanks already in a dry form. According to experts, if drying is carried out in boards, then the output is 2-3% more lumber. In addition, cutting already dried boards allows you to notice the defects and defects of wood in a timely manner and reject unsuitable elements.

Technology of woodworking industries involves drying in several ways, but most often - either atmospheric or using special chambers. Atmospheric drying is a lengthy process that involves storagewood outdoors. The use of drying equipment allows you to speed up the logging process. It is worth remembering that the quality of the final construction depends on the degree of drying of the lumber.

What technologies?

Modern woodworking involves the processing of harvested wood in different ways. Note that any mechanical woodworking processes are complex cutting. But, depending on the technological goals, the woodworking process can be reduced to three actions:

1. Wood and wood-based materials undergo fission.
2. All elements undergo surface treatment, within which technological allowances are removed.
3. Materials are subjected to deep processing, during which finished workpieces are turned into finished parts of products.

The division of wood can occur with or without the formation of waste chips. Surface machining involves milling, grinding and turning, while deep machining involves drilling, deep-feed milling and chiselling. Each of these processes has its own characteristics. Sawing, milling, peeling, grinding, turning, drilling - all these are technologies on the basis of which any woodworking production works. By the way, the ladder-support for plants is the first product that schoolchildren create at a technology lesson in the fourth grade. It is at this age that children get acquainted with the process of woodworking.

Protectiveevents

Wood is a material that is not resistant to external environmental factors. That is why any enterprise that works with wood must take protective measures. Their task is to prevent the destruction of wood and protect it from fire, fungus, mold. As part of these activities, not only thorough drying of the material is carried out, but also chemical treatment using antiseptics. In most cases, sawmilling and woodworking industries for this purpose use antiseptics with an oily base, varnishes that do not dissolve in water. Processing is carried out with wood tar, creosote oil, carboleum.

What is produced?

Modern wood processing companies are striving to optimize their technologies in order to get more end products using less wood. Woodworking production allows you to get a variety of end products:

• MDF boards. For their production, production waste is used, which is ground and processed with high-pressure steam - the mass is rubbed, then dried and glued together.
• Rack and type-setting wood. This semi-finished product is obtained by gluing strips from already dried wood.
• Chipboard boards. They are panels of uniform thickness based on chips mixed with binders.materials.
• Plywood. It consists of sheets of wood of different thicknesses, which are glued together with special adhesives.

Which machines?

Woodworking machines for production are presented in a huge variety and can perform a variety of work related to the processing of material. Among the popular equipment are:

• Combination machines are multi-purpose equipment capable of sawing, planing, drilling, cutting spikes and so on. These machines are used in the complex processing of blanks made of natural wood or its waste.
• Lathes process the workpiece by cutting and turning, cutting threads, machining ends, drilling holes.
• Band saws make it possible to perform straight or shaped sawing of materials. The blade in such equipment is a continuous metal band with teeth.
• Milling machines perform work on guide lines, while the material is fed manually. The use of such equipment is expedient in profile, planar and shaped processing of wood blanks.
• Drilling machine allows you to machine holes by removing chips;
• Format-cutting machines allow piece-by-piece or serial cutting of plate materials.
• Circular saws are tools that have hard teeth that can cut wood.

This is only a small part of the machines that are used in woodworking. FROMwith their help, you can create lumber, blanks, semi-finished products, which are further used in construction, furniture and other areas.

Conclusions

It should be noted that every year both technologies and equipment used for wood processing are becoming more and more perfect. And this, in turn, makes it possible to create a variety of products from this natural material. Note that even at school, and in elementary school, woodworking is studied. The product "Ladder-support for plants" is the first thing a child can create already in the fourth grade. This makes it possible to teach children to take good care of wood and nature in general even at an early age, and to draw attention to logging and woodworking as one of the actively developing areas in Russia.