2024 Author: Howard Calhoun | [email protected]. Last modified: 2024-01-17 18:37
Sunflower meal is a valuable feed product widely used in agriculture. Its use can significantly increase the productivity of animals and poultry, thereby increasing the profitability of the farm. Sunflower meal can be fed both in pure form and as part of compound feed.
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This food is a by-product of sunflower oil production. That is, ordinary seeds are used as raw materials in its manufacture. The production of sunflower meal is carried out in two stages:
- Seeds go under the press, which releases sunflower oil - a valuable food product.
- Extraction procedure in progress. Oil residues are isolated from the pressed mass with the help of special solvents (most often gasoline).
This technology produces the so-called ordinary meal. Sometimes the final product is also subjected to heat treatment. Such meal is called tested.
Use
As already mentioned, sunflower meal is mainly used as feed forraising farm animals and poultry. Its value lies mainly in the fact that it contains a lot of proteins. And they, in fact, are responsible for the recruitment of muscle mass by animals, as well as their growth. High-quality protein meal can contain up to 60%. At the same time, proteins are absolutely complete in terms of amino acid composition. According to this indicator, the meal surpasses even many cereals.
Sunflower meal protein contains amino acids such as cystine, lysine, tryptophan and methionine. The composition of this feed includes another useful element - fiber. It directly affects the digestibility of animals, and especially ruminants, food. Contained in the meal and various kinds of mineral microelements. This type of food is especially rich in phosphorus and potassium. It also contains zinc, manganese, iron, copper, cob alt, iodine, nitrogen. The meal also contains vitamins: B, E and A.
Included in the meal and oil residues (up to 15%). It is much superior in quality to fodder, as it has a low degree of oxidation and a high percentage of phospholipids.
Product benefits
Using a feed like sunflower meal allows you to:
- improve metabolism in animals consuming it;
- increase the percentage of animal digestibility of other types of feed;
- reduce the risk of death;
- increase average daily gain;
- strengthen the immune system;
- improve the general condition of animals;
- improve the quality of meat, milk and eggs.
For adultsthis food is usually given to animals in crushed form, and to young animals - in ground form, both in a dry state and moistened. Also very often the meal is added to the mash.
Product composition
Thus, this type of feed must necessarily meet the requirements of GOST. Sunflower meal (technical conditions, that is, requirements for its composition, are indicated in special tables) outwardly is a mass of gray or brownish color, containing, as already mentioned, oil, fiber and various trace elements. The table below shows the most important indicators that clearly demonstrate the nutritional value of this product. The numbers indicated in it are part of the technical specifications in accordance with GOST 11246-96.
| Indicator | Amount in meal | |
| Regular | Tested | |
| Protein at least (%) | 39 | 39 |
| Fiber no more than (%) | 23 | 23 |
| Energy value (c.u.) | 0.968 | 0.968 |
| Soluble Protein (relative to total content) | - | 68 |
| Raw fat | 1.48 | 1.48 |
| Ash no more | 1 | 1 |
A product with this composition is considered to be fully compliant with GOST. Sunflower meal sold in our country is usually of decent quality. Regulates its composition GOST 13496.
Harmful impurities
As you can see, the product is valuable and very useful - sunflower meal. The composition of this feed allows it to be successfully used both in animal husbandry and in poultry farming. However, as in any other product, the meal may contain a small amount of harmful or useless components. Their allowable percentage is also determined by GOST.
| Indicator | For meal | |
| Regular | Tested | |
| Residual solvent (%) | 0.1 | 0.08 |
| Impurities (pebbles, earth, glass, etc.) | Attendance not allowed | |
| Lead | 0.5 | 0.5 |
| Mercury | 0.02 | 0.02 |
| Nitrate (mg/kg) | 450 | 450 |
| T-2 toxins | 0.1 | 0.1 |
| Volatile matter and moisture | 7-10 | 9-11 |
Humiditymass of sunflower meal during storage should not exceed 6%. Otherwise, the product will start to mold and rot.
Producers
Sunflower meal is produced in many countries of the world. Moreover, Russia occupies one of the first places in the production of this product. Also a lot of it is produced in Ukraine, Argentina, South Africa, Pakistan, China, USA and India.
In Russia, oilseeds are produced by numerous oil extraction plants and fat plants. The most popular domestic producers include: Oil Extraction Plant "Yug Rusi", "Aston", "Agrocomplex", "Atkarsky Oil Extraction Plant", "Melnik" and some others.
The largest suppliers of such a product as sunflower meal (photos of packaged and bulk feed can be seen on this page) are August Agro, TC Agroresurs, Vesta, Trionis.
Some time ago, experts from the independent Russian Institute of National Problems examined domestically produced feed for the presence of GMOs. After that, many firms producing sunflower meal were blacklisted. Producers "Prioskolie", "Cherkizovo", "BEZRK-Belgrankorm" are the most famous companies whose feed contains genetically modified products. There are also some other, smaller firms on the list. In principle, the use of feed containing GMOs is not prohibited in Russia. However, blacklisted manufacturers are selling this product without warning the buyer that it contains genetically modified ingredients.
GOST requirements
Norms prescribed by state standards, enterprises that produce meal, must comply not only with respect to the composition of the product. Quality is also controlled by GOST:
- Raw material used to make meal. Seeds must comply with GOST 22391.
- Packaging. Sunflower meal is packaged in paper bags that comply with GOST 2226. At the same time, the mass of sunflower meal packed in this way should not exceed 30 kg. It is also allowed to release the product without packaging (in bulk).
- Marking must be applied in accordance with GOST 14192. The inscription "Keep away from moisture" is mandatory on the bags. When shipping the product in bulk, all required characteristics are indicated in the accompanying documentation.
Both granulated sunflower meal and bulk sunflower meal can be poured into bags.
Meal and cake
Another type of valuable feed is made from sunflower seeds - cake. It differs from the meal primarily in the way it is produced. Cake is made simply by pressing the seeds. It is not subject to extraction. Therefore, its composition is not quite the same as the meal. Sunflower cake contains even more useful substances. Like meal, it is often included in compound feed.
Sunflower story
Thus, meal is made from ordinary seeds. It has been used to feed animals for a very long time. The sunflower is native to North America and there is evidence that it is cultivated.plant for more than 5 thousand years. It was supposedly brought to Europe in 1500 by the Spaniards.
As an oilseed crop, sunflower was first used here in Russia. In 1900, Russian breeders bred new varieties of it. Their seeds contained up to 60% oil. In previously grown varieties, this percentage was only 28%.
In addition to sunflower meal, other types of meal are produced today. For example, soy. It is also a very valuable feed product. But, unfortunately, in our time, just a huge amount of GMO soy is grown. And in the production of meal, it is used very actively. With sunflower, geneticists have practically not done any work. Farmers and large agricultural companies around the world grow mostly only conventional varieties and hybrids. The advantage of sunflower over soybean is its undemanding to soil composition and climatic conditions.
Storage rules
Sunflower meal can be transported by any means of transport. The vehicle must be disinfected and clean. Meal is stored either in bulk in covered areas, or in stacks in bags. Do not expose the product to direct sunlight. The warehouse must be equipped with a ventilation system. Bulk meal should be mixed periodically. Bags should be placed on racks or pallets. It is impossible to allow the meal to be heated by more than 5 degrees in comparison with the ambient temperature. The shelf life of sunflower meal, manufactured in compliance with the requirements of GOST,is three years.
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