2024 Author: Howard Calhoun | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-17 10:16
Modern industry cannot do without such a means of transportation as a pipeline. With its help, liquids and gases are delivered over a fairly long distance. In order for the pipeline to serve for a long time, it is made taking into account the properties of the materials for which they are intended. Therefore, today there are a large number of technological, trunk and other communications for a variety of substances.
This is a relatively inexpensive form of transportation. How it functions, how the process is organized, will help to understand the existing categories of pipelines. There are several different classification features. This allows you to apply and operate communications as efficiently as possible.
Pipeline assignment
Proper categorization of a pipeline is essential both during production and in the field. Depending on the type and conditions of transport, there is a greater or lesser danger when performing maintenance. Bulk, liquid or gaseous products can be transferred along the highway.
The range of applications is great. Pipelines can be used to transfer fuel (oil, fuel oil, gas), chemicals (oxygen, acetylene, alkali, ammonia). Also, with the help of the presented communications, oil and water can be transported. This system is necessary for both housewives and huge industrial enterprises.
Substances can be hot or cold. Transfer pressure can be low or very high. Depending on the type of purpose of the system, materials are selected for the manufacture and connection of pipes, a certain marking is applied.
Material
Classification of pipelines into categories and groups is carried out according to different criteria. The material for the manufacture of system elements can be steel, non-ferrous metals, synthetic substances. Each of them has its own characteristics.
Metals are well welded in the field. Therefore, the maintenance of such a system is simple and high-quality. The wall thickness of pipes and connections must be as small as possible to withstand the applied load. Therefore, the production of pipes is constantly being improved.
To material put forward increased requirements. Today, steel and artificial materials are used for the manufacture of pipes. The choice depends on the purpose of the system. Steel can be structural, alloyed and carbon. In some cases, non-ferrous metals are used.
The surface of products may have a special coating. But over time, more and more artificial materials are used. These are polypropylene pipes. They are easy to install, durable.
Classification signs
There are different categories and groups of pipelines. There are many classifiers. In addition to the difference in materials, pipelines differ in diameter, ability to withstand pressure, exposure to aggressive substances. There is a separation of systems according to temperature load.
The pipelines also differ in location and scale. Systems can run on the surface or underground, in water. By scale, technological, main, utility and machine (ship) pipelines are distinguished.
When creating and maintaining, they take into account the surrounding conditions of communications. Each category or group requires an understanding of its features. This allows you to correctly assess the organization of the presented communications, as well as the conditions for their operation.
Classification of main pipelines
Main pipelines are designed to transport various types of fuel over fairly long distances. For their manufacture, only metal assembled by a welded method is used. The pipes have either a straight or spiral seam.
On the basis of susceptibility to pressure, 2 categories of main pipelines are distinguished. It is strictly forbidden to exceed the specified level. Category I pipes withstand pressure of 2.5-10 MPa, and category II - 1.2-2.5 MPa.
Depending ondiameter, there are 4 categories of highways. I of them include pipes with a cross-sectional size of 1-1.2 m. These are the largest products. Category II corresponds to pipes with a diameter of 0.5-1 m. This is followed by the thinnest varieties. Category III includes products 0.3-0.5 m, and IV - less than 0.3 m. These are the main features of the classification of main pipes.
Technological piping
Technological varieties of communications are used in production conditions. Raw materials, fuel for processing, and waste waste are transferred through this transport system.
Practically in any sector of the national economy one cannot do without such systems. Categories of process pipelines are classified, in addition to diameter and pressure, according to a number of criteria.
According to the location, internal and intershop varieties are distinguished. Also a very important factor is resistance to heat, aggressive environment. During the execution of different technological cycles, communications are subjected to different loads.
Classification of process pipes
Technological pipelines are grouped according to a number of important features. According to the method of placement, there are ground, underground and above-ground types. But more carefully in the manufacture and selection of system elements are related to strength characteristics.
Categories and groups of technological pipelines are distinguished on the basis of pressure inside the system, as well as the temperature of the transported substance. In the first case, the systemsthere are non-pressure, vacuum, as well as low, medium or high pressure.
According to the principle of operating temperature, there are creagen, cold, normal or hot pipelines. There are also products designed for very strong heating of the transported substance.
Features of process pipes
The existing classification of pipelines into categories takes into account the features of this type of system. Industrial transportation communications are grouped according to the aggressiveness of the internal environment.
There are pipes for non-aggressive, weak, medium and highly aggressive substances. In production, various non-metallic materials are most often used to create a system. The most famous of these is polypropylene.
A characteristic feature of this group of materials is a long service life, as well as ease of assembly and maintenance. However, the effectiveness of the use of such materials depends on the choice of products in accordance with the operating conditions. Today, special categories of pipelines have been developed for each technological process.
Household piping
Considering the existing categories of pipelines, attention should be paid to household systems. Their main purpose is to transport liquids or gases through heating, life support systems. They also supply cold, hot water, steam, gas, chemicals for servicing boiler equipment, etc. These pipelines cantransfer alkali, acid, oil, petroleum products.
Indicators of pressure, temperature, aggressiveness of the environment must be taken into account in the production of each category of products. Moreover, the maximum possible values of the listed indicators are taken into account.
Pipeline marking
In order to avoid the question of how to determine the category of the pipeline during operation, special marking is used. This allows maintenance personnel to assess the correctness of a particular impact on communications.
Detailed information about the system can only be provided by the accompanying documentation of the manufacturer, putting the equipment into operation. But the basic rules for marking pipelines are successfully applied at all facilities. This allows you to roughly identify which category the pipeline belongs to.
Gas lines are painted yellow. Red markings are reserved for pipes through which steam is transmitted. If there is a liquid supplying the equipment in the system, the system is painted green. Technical water also has its own marking. This is black. Even visually, you can determine which substance is transported by the system.
Degree of danger
Considering the categories of pipelines, it is necessary to pay attention to their degree of danger. It depends on the temperature, pressure and characteristics of the transported substance. The distance from settlements and the type of location of the system are also taken into account.
According to this data, there are 5hazard categories: B, I, II, III, IV (presented in descending order by threat level). This indicator is taken into account during the operation and repair of the system.
Maintenance personnel take a number of actions provided for in the instructions when repairing communications. Otherwise, an accident or even a large-scale disaster may occur.
Connections
Pipe joints are subjected to heavy loads from both external and internal environments. Therefore, they are considered the weak point of any system. Studying the categories of pipelines, it is necessary to evaluate the places of their connections.
Depending on the type and scale of communications, certain types of joints are performed. For main varieties, they are performed by welding, and for technological varieties, it is permissible to solder parts.
For domestic piping, seals are required (depending on the type of material and technical characteristics). They are also selected according to the operating conditions. In order for the joints to be of high quality, the ends of the pipes must be even, the diameter is maintained during manufacture with great accuracy.
In the manufacture of piping parts, it is important to produce products of sufficient strength with a minimum consumption of material. The number of connections is reduced as much as possible. This allows you to create a strong, durable system.
By choosing the right categories of pipelines, you can create efficient and practical transport communications. Possessing information about the group, the characteristics of highways, it will be possible to produce high-quality and saferepair of system elements. Therefore, installation and maintenance organizations must consider the categories of each pipeline that are in their area of competence.
Recommended:
Category of goods and services: description, classification and types
The category of goods is the first thing every businessman must decide, because many do not even know how such a classification is carried out
Steel weldability: classification. Weldability groups of steels
Steel is the main structural material. It is an iron-carbon alloy containing various impurities. All components included in its composition affect the properties of the ingot. One of the technological properties of metals is the ability to form high-quality welded joints
Gas pipeline to China. Project and scheme of a gas pipeline to China
Russia and China have signed a long-awaited gas contract. To whom is it beneficial? Will the fact of its signing affect the geopolitical situation?
Classification of fixed assets included in depreciation groups
Fixed assets are accounted for by each enterprise in accordance with applicable law. This property is subject to depreciation. To determine the useful life of each object, depreciation groups of fixed assets were developed. This approach allows you to correctly determine how long a particular object should be in operation. Features of this classification will be discussed further
1, 2 and 3 categories of engineers. Assigning a Category to an Engineer
Engineers are workers who deal with various technical devices. The basis of their activity is focused on modernizing or optimizing those solutions that exist at the moment. Beginners in this business are only directly involved in the observation or adjustment of technical devices
