Mixed feed: types, composition, application

2024 Author: Howard Calhoun | [email protected]. Last modified: 2024-01-17 18:37

The indisputable fact is that for the full growth and development of farm animals and birds, the basis of the diet should be combined feed (mixed feed). It should be noted that several feed recipes have been developed for each type of domestic animal. We will talk about species in our article.

Combined feed: types and purpose

Today, along with the usual natural feed, when raising animals, it is also necessary to use combined mixtures. It is known that their use significantly increases productivity, weight gain and other indicators of animals.

Mixed feed is a complex homogeneous composition, which consists of purified and crushed feed products with the addition of microadditives. They are created based on scientifically based recipes and provide complete nutrition. When creating compound feeds, the type of animals, direction, degree of productivity, age are necessarily taken into account. Please note that feed must be used strictly for its intended purpose, otherwise itmay lead to undesirable consequences.

The following types of compound feed are produced at specialized enterprises:

• loose - fine, medium and coarse grinding;
• granular - having the form of dense lumps of a certain shape and size;
• in the form of briquettes - tiles having the correct geometric shape of the set size.

Feed value

In most feed mills, products are enriched with s alts, trace elements, vitamins, synthetic amino acids and antibiotics. According to the feed value, two types of feed are distinguished:

1. Concentrates, the composition of which has a high content of protein, microadditives and minerals. Recommended for feeding together with juicy, coarse, grain feed products. This provides biologically complete feeding of animals.
2. Complete feed. Such products fully satisfy the needs of livestock and poultry in biologically active and mineral substances, while having low costs per unit of production.

Compound feed for quails

When keeping any bird in the backyard, proper nutrition plays a decisive role. But a particularly optimally selected diet is necessary for fast-growing quails. In this case, combined feeds are the ideal solution, since their use greatly simplifies the preparation of the menu and facilitates the care of the bird. Currently, there are both universal compound feeds, and taking into account agefeatures.

One of the most important components in the compound feed for quails is protein, which is necessary for chicks up to a month old - during intensive growth. Its absence or insufficient amount in the diet of laying hens during laying can adversely affect their he alth. Recommended Diet:

1. From the first day after birth until the age of 30, chicks should be given feed with a protein content of 24-27%, not only of vegetable, but also of animal origin.
2. Following 14 days, the birds are given food with a reduced protein content, from 17 to 24% is sufficient.
3. Laying hens should receive about 21% protein of their total feed.

Cereals are the main source of nutrients. The most common of them in the production of ready-made mixtures are the following: corn, millet, barley, wheat. It should be noted that with oats (especially if it is not peeled), you need to be careful, the rough shell of this culture can clog the bird's esophagus, which will lead to its death. Birds need minerals, vitamins and amino acids. In addition to grain, additives can satisfy this need: cake, meal, yeast, crushed shell rock, green fodder, s alt, chalk.

Chicken feed mixes

I would like to note that a properly selected diet from the first days of life of chickens contributes to their rapid growth, excellent he alth, good weight gain. When choosing feed, it should be borne in mind that with agethe needs of the bird are changing, therefore, for feeding the young and chicks, various feeds are developed in terms of nutritional value, composition, size of granules of compound feed. For chickens, the following types are the most popular: complete mixture "Sun" and PC-5.

Compound feed "Sunshine"

This food contains all the necessary components for the full development of chicks. Due to the fact that this feed mixture has a balanced nutritional composition, it is recommended to use it for feeding chicks and other types of birds: ducklings, turkeys, goslings.

Ingredients:

• vegetable protein - not less than 21.6%;
• amino acids - cystine, lysine, methionine;
• microelements - copper, manganese, iron, zinc, iodine, cob alt, selenium;
• high purity s alt - not less than 0.16%;
• vitamins - A, B1, B2, B3, B5, B6, D3, B12, E, K, H, C;
• macronutrients - calcium and phosphorus;
• metabolic energy: 3047 kcal.

Compound feed PK-5

One of the most common ready-made feeds is PK-5 feed for chickens, which can be used from the first days of life. It will also be useful for chicks of other bird species. A two- or three-phase feeding system is recommended:

1. Chicks receive PC-5 for the first 30 days, after which they move on to finishing.
2. Chicks are fed with this product for the first two weeks, after which they are transferred to growth food, from 30 days of age the birds are fed with the finishing mix.

Included in compound feed:

• up to 37% corn;
• about 30% of soybean meal;
• up to 20% wheat;
• 6% rapeseed cake and r. oil;
• up to 2% beet molasses;
• 2-5% chalk;
• s alt;
• soda;
• amino acids;
• phosphate;
• vitamin premix.

Compound feed for laying hens: composition

In this part of the article we will talk about what feed is best used for laying hens. Most often it depends on the conditions in which the bird is kept. In the event that chickens are in cages and they do not have the opportunity to walk, it is best to use crumbly feed, because they are easier to digest. And for those birds that have free range, granular compound feed is best. PK-1 proved to be excellent, it has the following composition:

• 62, 5% wheat;
• 7, 5% limestone flour;
• 4% meat and bone meal;
• 17, 5% sunflower meal;
• 2, 5% feed yeast;
• 0.07% baking soda;
• 2, 3% sunflower oil;
• 0, 10% table s alt;
• fats, vitamins, minerals.

Combined feed series KK-1 is a concentrated food. In terms of their nutritional value, they are significantly inferior to PK-1 compound feed. This composition of compound feed for laying hens includes (in%):

• 40 wheat bran;
• 5 wheat;
• 5 barley;
• 3 fish meal;
• 3 cakes;
• 2 shells;
• 3 chalk.

Food mixes for broilers

It should be noted that keeping broiler chickens for more than three months is not advisable, since during this time they reach their maximum growth. When keeping broilers, first of all, they must be provided with high-calorie nutrition. When buying feed, be sure to pay attention to its composition, it must contain the following components:

• proteins;
• protein;
• mineral components;
• vitamins;
• feed wheat;
• corn.

The composition of compound feed for broilers may differ depending on the species, but the listed components must be present in it. There are two types of compound feed for broilers:

1. With marking PK-5, with a hyphen added digital value, intended for fattening chickens up to one month.
2. Compound feed PK-6 (also with a digital value through a hyphen) is given to the bird for intensive growth and for finishing fattening after the chickens reach the age of one month.

Table: composition of complete feed for broiler chickens (in %)

Component	Age of broilers, weeks
	24-49		50 and older
	PC-1-10	PC-1-11	PC-1-12	PC-1-13
Hydrolytic yeast	4	5	4	4
Feed fat	-	3	0, 5	2, 5
Limestone + shell	3, 4	3, 4	3	3
Corn	35, 7	-	18	-
Bone Meal + tricalcium phosphate	1	1	1, 6	1, 6
Herbal flour	5	4, 5	4	4
Fishmeal	5	5	3, 5	3, 5
Chalk	2, 6	2, 6	2, 9	2, 9
Table s alt	0, 3	0, 3	0, 5	0, 5
Wheat	25	38	25	46
Soybean + sunflower meal	7	5	3	2, 5
Barley	11	32, 2	34	30

The following components are necessarily present in mixed feed for this type of bird in various proportions:

1. Grain. Its share is about 60-65%. Depending on which grains are included, they contain up to 70% carbohydrates.
2. Proteins. Their sources are amino acids, fishmeal, crushed legumes, meal, cake.
3. Mineral substances: phosphates, s alts, limestone.
4. Vitamin premixes.

Combined feed for rabbits

Compound feed for rabbits consists of a mixture of chopped grass, crushed grain and a number of other ingredients. Depending on the purpose and supplement, the following types of feed for rabbits are distinguished:

• concentrated,
• complete,
• additional.

1. Concentrated feed contains a large number of ingredients. When included in the diet, this food can only be used together with another.
2. Complete feed is most often used as the main food. It contains all the substances necessary for normal development and growth.
3. Additional compound feed. Contains many vitamins and microelements. It is not used in its pure form for consumption by rabbits, it is used as an additive to the main diet.

The feed is goodquality vitamins, minerals, fiber, amino acids must be present. The basis of such food is cereals, they are supplemented by ingredients with a large amount of protein:

• soybean meal;
• sunflower meal;
• bone meal;
• hydrolyzed yeast;
• vitamin-herbal flour.

The third group of components must be tricalcium phosphate, chalk, table s alt, premixes.

Fodder mixtures for pigs

Rational feeding of pigs with the use of benign compound feed significantly improves he alth and has a positive effect on the productive qualities of animals.

Most pig breeders use only proven high-quality feeds, because they affect the quality of meat and fat. Experts identify five main types of feed for pigs:

• prestarter (for suckling piglets);
• starter (up to one and a half months);
• grow-up (up to 8 months);
• finishing (for fattening pigs from a year);
• for boars (from one year).

In addition, some manufacturers produce compound feeds designed specifically for lactating queens. All of them are divided into two more types: complete, compound feed-concentrates. Each type of combined mixture must be used strictly for its intended purpose. Compound feed according to the form can be divided into the following types:

• cereals;
• baby;
• granular;
• scatter.

Exceptconcentrates for the full growth of animals in the feed contains premixes, which can contain from 2 to 40 different components. Thanks to the use of these additives, the cost of basic feed is reduced on average by up to 30%. Compound feed can contain up to 12 ingredients. Moreover, about 50% are 2 main crops, for example, such as oats and wheat or corn with barley. In addition, they include:

• s alt;
• fat components;
• feed yeast;
• chalk;
• fish (bone) meal;
• cake (meal);
• premix;
• alfalfa flour.

The amounts of these ingredients in combined formulas may vary depending on the purpose (sow, piglets, fattening or slaughter) and the age of the animal.