Methods and types of delivery of goods, cargo

2024 Author: Howard Calhoun | [email protected]. Last modified: 2024-01-17 18:37

Every day, people use a variety of goods, not at all thinking about how it all gets to them. Unless an ardent young man, ordering a bouquet for a nonresident sweetheart in a courier service, or a dilapidated old woman, wandering to the post office for a parcel with a hearing aid, will take care of how the right thing is sent or received.

But there are a lot of those who solve these issues day and night. They are at the wheel and at the helm, in front of the monitor and at the construction site. They everywhere. Their task is to carry out numerous types of delivery.

How to receive the goods ordered on the site

Suppose a customer went to one of the online stores and placed an order there. Now he expects to receive his goods quickly and without problems.

Let's consider what types of delivery exist in this case.

View	Services	Comments
Pickup	Carried out by the buyer, if he has the ability and desire to independently transport the goods	Popularity grows as stores expand their distribution network
Forwarding Company	Not only transports goods, but also insures them, handles customs clearance	High competition among these companies allows customers to choose the most suitable one
Courier service	Delivery of small-sized cargoes with a length of about 1.5 m and a weight of up to 35 kg: documents, bouquets and gifts, pizza, hot meals	Speed and security are high, customer approach is individual, cost is average
Express delivery	A type of courier delivery	High speed and cost
Post Service	Delivery to the post office; The portal of the Russian Post allows you to track the place where the package is located	Low guarantees of speed and quality and that the shipment will reach the addressee at all

How to determine, so to speak, the price of the issue? Delivery can be:

• depending on many factors, such as the weight and parameters of the cargo, the distance of transportation, as well as the availability of services that complement the main ones;
• free;
• fixed cost;
• its cost may depend on the cost of the entire order (most likely, it will be set as a percentage of the last one).

Through different countries and regions

Delivery of goods can be carried out from one country to another. At the same time, sometimes, in order to get from the sender to the recipient, the delivered cargo can cross more than one state border. This means obtaining the necessary permits and various other procedures. This is typical for the type of delivery - international.

In the case of interregional transportation, goods run within one country. Here, too, certain permissions are needed.

Pour it up! Get on it! Drop it

It is necessary to classify what is transported in order to properly organize transportation and optimize it. For each specific order for the delivery of the company, the contractor needs to do special preparatory work.

Cargoes are divided according to the way they are loaded or unloaded:

1. By industry.
2. Assigned.
3. Dimensions.

They come in:

1. Liquid.
2. Bulk.
3. Piece.

An elephant, a gas cylinder, a drill rig and a hundredweight of tomatoes are delivered in different ways

Cargo is divided into several categories:

1. Regular. Their weight corresponds to the standards of a vehicle moving on public roads, and their dimensionsare in full compliance with traffic rules.
2. Dangerous. Those that can adversely affect the environment and the he alth of citizens, or damage property. Goods recognized as dangerous are listed in the IATA Dangerous Goods Regulations.
3. Perishable. Must be stored at specific temperature and humidity levels. In this type of delivery of goods, special attention is paid to the timing, otherwise they will simply deteriorate. Here we are talking mainly about food products, live plants (seedlings, flowers).
4. Oversized and extra heavy. – They have a non-standard appearance and weight. Sometimes you have to invent for their transportation not just an atypical route, but even a new vehicle! Examples: transporting a complete drilling rig or a finished house.
5. Alive. They are most often from the agricultural sector (poultry or livestock). This includes animals - circus performers and all kinds of pets.
6. Heavyweight. No explanation is required here. A great mass speaks for itself better than a mass of words.

Legal affairs

Regulatory legal acts prescribe the rules for the delivery of types of cargo of each category. They must be studied and strictly observed by carriers.

For example, dangerous goods. Since their transportation is risky, it is accompanied by the strictest security measures. The rules approve special equipment for freight transport, rolling stock that transports dangerous goods and the mandatory escort of transportation by a forwarder.

To transportlengthy correctly, regulations require special equipment and highly qualified movers.

Sometimes it is required to escort the delivering cargo by a cover car or even a traffic police patrol car. These cases are covered by separate rules. In addition, escort can be carried out at the request of the customer and the delivery company. It's called voluntary.

Whom to pour into the body? Who should fill the tank? Who to put in the container?

How to deliver sand or grain, crushed stone or expanded clay? These are bulk cargoes. They should not be on the roadway when driving, so they are stacked so that they are not higher than the sides and covered with a canopy.

Liquid cargo has been delivered from point to point in tanks since the 1930s. But the containers are different, say, for milk and oil. Typical characteristics are set for all types of tanks.

Transportation by removable shipping containers is a very convenient, and therefore, a popular type of delivery. They are universal: suitable for almost any vehicle. Using them reduces costs and saves time for the client. There are containers at:

• 3 tons;
• 5 tons;
• 20 feet (international);
• 40 ft.

Two or more in one

Type of cargo delivery can be combined. This happens during inter-regional transportation and means the following: goods from different customers with a similar route are collected at the warehouse of the delivery company. And then eachof the customers pays only for his place in the total cargo.

In this case, small boxes can travel along with large containers on different modes of transport.

By sea and by land

Cargo transportation is a significant and very important type of economic activity in any country. Everything that is necessary for human life is constantly sent from somewhere and received by someone.

There are various shipping methods. Its types are as follows:

• by road transport;
• by air;
• on the water;
• by railroad.

Road transport is one of the most popular transportations. After all, most destinations are available to a truck or passenger car.

It is very convenient to transport a large consignment of goods by train. But it is cost-effective when there is really a lot of cargo.

The cheapest type of delivery is water transportation. But geography dictates its own conditions. There are relatively few ports, and most of them are far from transport hubs. This reduces the popularity of such seemingly profitable sea transportation.

The advantage of air shipping is obvious: speed. But they are also the most expensive. Despite the last factor, this type of delivery is in demand. In the 21st century of speeds, the phrase "time is money" sounds very relevant.

Rushing quiet light of my soul

This line is from the soundtrack to the famousdomestic series, it turns out, about trunk transportation. This is the name of transportation over very long distances (both international and domestic). This is done by people who in our country are called truckers.

Long distance and time routes. Accordingly, the requirements for long-haul transportation are high. One of them is the reliability of the car and its convenience for the driver who delivers the goods.

Hold the tug if the traffic is hefty

Do not forget that there are such places of delivery, the types of transportation listed above are actually impossible. And here horse-drawn transport renders an invaluable service to a person.

Its name comes from the word "tug", that is, a loop of rope or leather in a harness.

Indefatigable animals make the wagons of this, both passenger and freight transport, move. It is divided into:

1. Wheeled.
2. Sledging.

Who carries out the delivery in this case:

1. Deer.
2. Dogs.
3. Horses.
4. Donkeys.
5. Oxen.
6. Mules.
7. Buffaloes.
8. Camels.
9. Elephants.
10. Giraffes.
11. Sheep.
12. Lama.
13. Ostriches.

Sometimes the load is not on the wagon, but on the animal itself. This type of transport is called pack transport.

On some roads there is a sign prohibiting pack and horse-drawn vehicles from being on them. But in other places, where you can only get with it, there are no roads at all.

In the old days, a method of delivering mail messages using pigeons was known. Who knows, maybe someone is using it now.

Delivery by pipe

Pipeline transport has been developing for more than half a century. With its help, gases and liquids are delivered for many thousands of kilometers: raw materials and not only. Pipelines carry all sorts of chemically stable substances.

Now, using this or that product, you can clearly imagine what types of delivery were used so that it would be at this time and place.