Oil pumping station: design, equipment

2024 Author: Howard Calhoun | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-17 10:16

Main pipelines for oil servicing form a multi-level infrastructure that cannot do without pumping stations. These are technological complexes in which various operations can be carried out aimed at organizing the reception, preparation, distribution and maintenance of oil products. At the basic functional level, an oil pumping station (OPS) takes a resource from a low pressure area and transfers it to a high pressure line. Special equipment is used to perform these and other tasks.

Initial data for design

As the main documents for the development of the project of the oil pumping complex, the terms of reference, survey materials, parameters for structures and the results of engineering surveys are used directly. As for taking into account external conditions, the average seasonal temperature, seismicity, wind loads, soil freezing, etc. are estimated. Data are also being prepared for the work site where the infrastructure will be located. In this part, the building area, the area with a fence, the territorylandscaping, contours of roads, exits and parking lots. Of course, the project of an oil pumping station cannot do without technological parameters that directly relate to the functions of the complex. This information includes the following indicators:

• Oil density.
• Oil viscosity.
• Pumping ratio under uneven conditions.
• Pressure readings.
• Pour point medium.
• Optimal means of pressure control.
• Percentage of sulfur in oil.

Design work

Development of the project of the station is carried out in several stages. Based on the above data, a work plan for the construction of the main structures is drawn up. Their number, technical and operational parameters and functional support also depend on the means and methods of oil maintenance. At the next stage, the technological design of configurations and schemes is carried out, according to which the installation of equipment and related devices will be performed. A separate place in the project will be occupied by a plan for organizing communications, which will provide for pipes, thermowells, branch pipes and other service circuits, assemblies and assemblies. At the final stage, the design of oil pumping stations involves the development of lighting systems, water supply, ventilation and fire and emergency complexes.

Composition of objects with reservoirs

Depending on the functional tasks, the following zones are designed: production site,administrative and utility buildings, the sector of treatment facilities. A separate building is assigned to ensure the operation of the pumping unit. The control equipment of the oil pumping station in this composition will be represented by the control room, as well as the departments for controlling the cooling and regulating the oil circuit.

Two control units should be dedicated to pressure control needs. Pumping water supply is also located in a separate block. Mandatory means are also provided for monitoring technical fluids for compliance with fire and explosion safety requirements. If the oil pumping station is located in a cold region, then the requirements for air regulation capacity in the process areas increase.

Composition of objects without reservoirs

The main composition of the equipment as a whole will be the same as in the case of complexes with tanks. But in this case, more emphasis will be placed on maintenance of the tank farm. In particular, the infrastructure is complemented by a drainage system, which will also ensure the collection of process leaks. Underground tanks, supplemented by oil pumps, should be provided. In addition to tanks, a system is organized with control bodies, pipeline fittings and valves. During operation, oil pumping stations with tanks are controlled from a room with electric gate valves. They are intended, among other things, for servicing fire extinguishing systems.

Automation facilities

Equipment for automatic telemechanization is designed to protect and control pumping communications, as well as for centralized control. The power supply of this complex should be provided by autonomous generators. Telemechanics also includes control and measuring equipment, which will send accounting data on the state of technological equipment to the central control unit. The design decision should take into account the list of data that characterize the efficiency of the operation of the oil pumping station of the main oil pipelines, as well as the volume of the serviced resource. In the future, based on statistical information, a decision can be made to modernize the complex in order to increase its productivity. Initially, the project should allow for the possibility of expanding the infrastructure and increasing the capacity of the station.

Fire fighting equipment

For each section of the station, a separate project is being developed indicating the requirements for ensuring fire protection. In particular, for objects of a closed type, extinguishing systems using high-expansion foam, and in some cases, gas fire extinguishing agents, are recommended. For tanks, under-layer extinguishing systems and water cooling are used. It is important to emphasize that all the mentioned systems should be controlled automatically. These can be, for example, point spray devices that are triggered based on sensor readings.fire and smoke. If the oil pumping station has a storage of oils and fuel oil, then extinguishing agents for film-forming low-expansion foam are used. Such equipment directs the material from above, making it possible to cope with the extinguishing of high-viscosity oil.

Conclusion

Recently, against the backdrop of tougher requirements for environmental protection, design organizations are paying more and more attention to the environmental component. Predominantly, security measures in this area are achieved through the rational use of energy resources and the reduction of emissions. In addition, the oil pumping station is equipped with the latest models of air and liquid purification. At work sites, regulations are introduced indicating the rules for sanitary and hygienic purposes. Technological land allotment strips are also envisaged around the territory where the complex and its infrastructure facilities are located.