Agriculture of the Krasnodar Territory: structure

2024 Author: Howard Calhoun | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-17 10:16

Currently, the Russian state faces the issue of accelerated import substitution, the solution of which is impossible without agriculture. It is the development of the agricultural sector that helps to ensure the proper level of food security in the country. This applies both to the Russian Federation as a whole and to its individual regions, including the Krasnodar Territory. The area is ideal for this industry.

Krasnodar Territory as an agro-industrial region

In Russia, the industry is quite well developed. The agriculture of the Krasnodar Territory includes about 7 thousand enterprises with various forms of ownership. Of these, more than six hundred are large or medium-sized organizations. Employment in the agricultural sector is approximately 400 thousand people. The most widespread in the Kuban received:

• cereal production;
• industrial crop production;
• Viticulture;
• sugar production;
• dairy industry.

Such a wide variety of branches of the agro-industrial complex is due to the unique type of climate,creating favorable natural conditions in this area. It is here that the border of the temperate and subtropical climatic zones passes.

Krasnodar Territory is rightfully considered one of the leading regions of Russia in terms of the development of the agro-industrial complex. The total area of the Kuban is more than 7.5 million hectares, of which 4.75 million hectares are occupied by agriculture. Regulatory regulation, as well as control over the development of the industry, is carried out by the Ministry of Agriculture of the Krasnodar Territory. The most important conditions for ensuring the progressive development of the agro-industrial complex are: the most efficient exploitation of fertile lands, the development of crop and livestock production, the improvement and modernization of the processing industry.

Structure of agriculture

The modern agro-industrial complex of the Kuban is characterized by the predominance of crop production over animal husbandry. They account for 67.33 and 32.67%, respectively. In crop production, the main specialization is the cultivation of grain crops. Sugar beets and sunflowers predominate among industrial species. The cultivation of fodder crops is also a priority. For example, green fodder, silage, corn, etc. Sowing of potatoes and vegetables and gourds is insignificant.

Agriculture in the Krasnodar Territory is gradually developing. Viticulture, horticulture and vegetable growing are being restored. Cultivation areas of some subtropical crops are gradually increasing.

Livestock, in turn, is represented by the following sectors: cattle breeding,poultry farming, pig breeding, sheep breeding. The share of horse breeding, beekeeping, fur farming, fish farming, rabbit farming and ostrich farming is significantly lower.

Grain production in the Krasnodar Territory

In the cultivation of grain crops, the largest share is given to winter wheat. The agriculture of the Krasnodar Territory is built in such a way that it is grown in all areas. Wheat varieties that are resistant to drought and disease and have high yields are preferred. For example, Bezostaya-1 and Krasnodar-46. The Kuban produces up to 10% of the gross volume of wheat throughout the country. Spring wheat in the structure of crops occupies 1-2%.

In second place is winter barley. It is heat-resistant, but less resistant to low temperatures. Approximately 5-10% of the sown area is devoted to corn. It is demanding on the composition of the soil and needs a lot of fertilizer.

In the Kuban, they grow their own variety of rice, bred in this territory - Dubovsky-129. To increase productivity, it is necessary to use special agricultural technology and artificial irrigation regime. The area under rice is 3% of the total land area for growing cereals.

Viticulture

This industry has a significant impact on agriculture in the Krasnodar Territory. Various grape varieties are grown throughout the region, as each requires a different type of climate. The most suitable conditions have developed in the Black Sea zone. About 50 varieties of grapes grow in the Kuban

Vegetable growing

Climatic conditions are suitable for this industry in the Krasnodar Territory. Tomatoes, cabbage, cucumbers, potatoes, etc. can be distinguished among vegetable crops. The south, west and center of the Krasnodar Territory mainly specialize in their cultivation.

The foothill zone is the most favorable for potatoes, although its yield in this area is low compared to the central regions of Russia.

Gardening

The most suitable conditions for laying gardens have developed on the Black Sea coast, as well as in the west and south of the Azov-Kuban lowland. Apple, plum, pear, peach, sweet cherry, apricot, etc. are mainly grown here.

Melon growing

Mainly this industry prevails in the western regions. This is due to the fact that watermelons and melons require a lot of heat and sun. Pumpkin is the most resistant to cold.

Livestock

The basis for the successful development of animal husbandry is the abundance of natural forage land. Agriculture of the Krasnodar Territory provides for grazing in the north-east of the foothills. Alpine pastures are rarely used here. Most of the feed is grown in the fields.

Here is dominated by dairy and meat cattle breeding. Pig breeding is developed mainly in the central and northern parts of the Kuban. Mostly large white pigs are bred. The poultry industry is dominated by chickens.

Program for the effective development of the agro-industrial complex of Krasnodaredges

The Department of Agriculture of the Krasnodar Territory has developed a program for the development of this industry. It provides for setting the following main tasks for the agro-industrial complex:

• improving the quality of agricultural and food industry products;
• human resources development;
• restoring abandoned land;
• improving the industry by maintaining soil fertility;
• assessment of existing investment needs, search for sources of funds.

Control over the implementation of the program is carried out by the Minister of Agriculture of the Krasnodar Territory.

Thus, one of the leading regions that ensures the food security of the state is the Krasnodar Territory. The development of agriculture plays a leading role in the economy of this region. Crop production, especially grain production, has received the greatest distribution. The share of other industries in the structure of the agro-industrial complex is much smaller. At present, there is a positive trend towards the growth of agricultural production. First of all, this is due to the improvement of the pricing policy and the credit mechanism, as well as an increase in the volume of budget allocations allocated for the development of the complex. In the long term, the competitiveness of the agricultural industry in the Krasnodar Territory will grow, both in the Russian and international markets.