Russian banknotes. Modern banknotes of Russia

2024 Author: Howard Calhoun | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-17 10:16

Bank of Russia ticket is an official means of payment used throughout the Russian Federation. Only the Central Bank has the right to issue such banknotes. They are reliably protected from forgery by special signs of authenticity, the implementation of which uses modern technical solutions.

The solvency measurement unit, which Russian banknotes have, is the Russian ruble as the national currency. Each banknote has a denomination corresponding to one of the fixed ones. This determines the solvency of the banknote, expressed in Russian rubles.

History

Paper money appeared in Russia in 1769. They were called banknotes and were obligations, according to which the bearer could receive coins in the bank for the amount corresponding to the face value. The first series was very weakly protected from forgery - fakes were produced on an industrial scale, which led to depreciation. Coins continued to be the main means of payment: their value was much higher, as was public confidence in them.

In 1818 begannew banknotes of Russia are issued. These were the same banknotes, but their quality turned out to be an order of magnitude higher, as was their security. The paper was much thicker, watermarks appeared. Many specialists were involved in the further improvement of banknotes.

The impact of the civil war turned out to be negative: the mass production of "money surrogates" was added to the production of fakes, which was carried out by local authorities both in remote regions and those captured by the White Guards. The problem was solved by issuing chervonets, which began in 1922. The new banknotes had gold and commodity backing, thanks to which their solvency could remain stable (the depreciation stopped).

After the collapse of the USSR

After the collapse of the USSR, the notes of the State Bank remained in circulation, their issue by the Bank of Russia continued for some time. In 1993, a monetary reform took place: the tickets of the State Bank were declared insolvent, they were replaced by the first series of tickets of the Bank of Russia. The second series of those was released a year later: the appearance of the banknotes has undergone certain changes.

In 1995, a new series of banknotes was issued again. They looked the same as modern Russian banknotes. The main differences between them are in the denomination: for the 1995 series, it was a thousand times higher than the current one.

Post 1998

The essence of the next monetary reform, carried out in 1998, was the denomination. Thatthere is - in changing the denomination of banknotes, accompanied by their gradual, but complete replacement. New banknotes of Russia have been issued. Their appearance almost completely corresponded to the appearance of banknotes of the 1995 sample. Only the numbers and relief elements denoting the denomination have changed.

The old bill, which had a face value of 1000 rubles, was exchanged only for a new coin, the denomination of which was 1 ruble. The 5-ruble note, which replaced the old five-thousand note, was somewhat smaller. Due to strong circulation, it quickly lost its properties, which is why its release was soon discontinued. Only its metal equivalent remained in use - a 5-ruble coin.

Modifications

Despite the very high quality and security, Russian banknotes continued to need modifications. Those were not long in coming: new series of banknotes were released. First of all, the updates concerned counterfeiting protection: the increasing possibilities of counterfeiters led to the emergence of fake bills that are difficult to distinguish from genuine ones.

In addition, two completely new banknotes were gradually introduced into circulation. Their dignity is 1000 rubles and 5000 rubles, respectively. All the newest protection measures were "run in" on them, subsequently being added to the new series of denominations of lower denominations. For some time there were rumors that a banknote with a face value of 10,000 was being prepared. A Russian banknote of this denomination should have been the result of the latest developments in the field of banknote protection. Newthe 10,000 has not yet been released, but the active improvement of the 1,000 and 5,000s continues.

Signs of authenticity (protection measures)

Russian paper banknotes in use today are protected by a significant number of special signs of authenticity. Forging such banknotes is extremely difficult: you will need special expensive equipment, materials and certain knowledge. Therefore, the creation of small batches of fakes is unprofitable, and it is not possible to establish large-scale production, since it will be easy to detect. Identification of low-quality fakes is not a difficult task: special attention is paid to visible signs of authenticity, so ordinary citizens who do not have special equipment can recognize them.

The signs of authenticity themselves are divided into several groups. Some are visible to the naked eye at a certain angle, others are detected by transillumination. Some can only be recognized within a certain range of visible electromagnetic radiation.

Tangible

The identity of this group is recognized when touched. The first of these is the quality of the paper. A low-quality fake is recognized immediately: it is perceived completely differently by the fingers. In addition, there are relief elements on banknotes designed to determine their denomination by people with visual impairments. The inscription "TICKET OF THE BANK OF RUSSIA" on the front side also has a relief perceived by touch.

Besides this, in the manufacture of banknotes of the latest series, a wide security strip is used, which comes to the surface in certain places. Those are perceived as completely smooth. On banknotes in denominations of 500, 1000 and 5000 rubles, the strip exit area to the surface is much larger and is made in the form of a narrow window ("stained-glass window").

Visible

Visible signs of authenticity are given special attention. Real banknotes of the Bank of Russia have a number of elements that can be detected with the naked eye. Some of them are visible from any angle. These include the digital designation of the denomination, placed in the lower left corner of the front side. It is made with special silver paint.

Visible signs of authenticity include the ability of the protective strip to change color, noticeable from almost any angle. Other visible signs of authenticity can be found by examining the bill through the light, or viewing it from a certain angle.

Seen through the light

By examining a banknote through the light, you can detect several signs of authenticity at once or determine a fake by their absence. The first thing you see is the watermarks. They are located on the light fields of the bill, to the left and right of the main image. One of them duplicates the digital designation of the denomination, the other repeats one of the elements of the main image. The guard band is perceived as a solid opaque line.

To this group of featuresincludes microperforation. This is applied to all new banknotes, the face value of which is 100 rubles and more. You can find it on the right side of the front side of the banknote. A number corresponding to the face value and made of many small holes will be visible through the light.

Visible from certain angles

Signs of authenticity seen from certain angles include moiré patterns, color-shifted elements and hidden images. The moire pattern begins to dimly shimmer in different colors when the angle of view is changed. Color-shifting ink produces a similar effect, but it is brighter and covers the entire image element at once. Russian banknotes issued in 2004 and later are protected by such methods.

The hidden image can be found on the ornamental strip, if you look at the banknote lying on a flat surface at eye level. This is called the Kipp effect: the pattern is designed in such a way that the difference in the shade of the element is detected only at a certain angle.

Hardware detected

The rest of the security features printed on Russian banknotes can only be detected by special equipment. First of all, these include protective fibers embedded in paper. They become clearly visible in ultraviolet light, as well as some elements of the image. There are also infrared marks visible under the light of an infrared lamp.

In addition to those visible in a certain range, hardware-detected features include very small image elements: microtext and some patterns. They can only be foundusing a strong enough magnifying glass. Also, some areas of the surface of banknotes are treated with a special composition that has magnetic properties. Such marks can be authenticated using the appropriate equipment.