Northern sweet grapes: variety description, growing characteristics, yield

2024 Author: Howard Calhoun | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-17 10:16

Once upon a time, grapes were considered to be exclusively a southern plant. They tried to grow the culture in regions with a harsh climate, but the vine partially or completely froze out during the cold season, despite the fact that it was covered for the winter. But over time, forms of grapes appeared that are tolerant to low temperatures and show high yields. Currently, the culture is successfully grown in the Siberian regions. Today we have prepared a review of Northern grapes, which are frost-resistant species.

From history

There is no exact information about the origin of this variety. There are several versions. The most common one says: the creator was the famous breeder I. V. Michurin. In fact, Ivan Vladimirovich did a lot to promote grapes in the northern regions, but among the Michurin varietiesThere is no name for the grape Northern Sweet. When studying its origin, information was found that in 1936, breeders Ya. I. Potapenko in collaboration with E. I. Zakharova, they managed to breed Severny grapes by crossing the Amur variety with the Michurin Seedling Malengra. Later, the word "sweet" was added to the name of the variety.

Description

Northern is a winter-hardy grape variety. The shoots of this plant are famous for their great growth power. The vine is characterized by such a quality as good maturation, which contributes to high frost resistance. Grapes are quite resistant to low temperatures (down to minus 30 ° C). Northern sweet belongs to the technical varieties of medium ripening.

It takes about 135 days from the moment the buds open to the beginning of the harvest. In the south of our country, grapes begin to be harvested from the end of August to the first ten days of September. In the Moscow region and more northern regions, the harvest ripens on the twentieth of the first autumn month.

Characteristics of grapes and berries

The clusters of grapes are small (their weight reaches no more than 80-120 g), conical in shape, moderately dense. The shape of the berries is round, classic, the average weight of each is 1.5-2 g. On one bunch, you can simultaneously meet both large and small berries. The color can be dark blue or blue-violet with a slight wax coating on the skin.

Northern grapes have excellent characteristics: the pulp is juicy, with a harmonious sweet and sour taste,sugar content is high - its indicator is 19-25%, acidity ranges from 6 to 11 g / mol. The indicators depend on at what time the bunches were removed from the vine. It is believed that the longer the harvest is not harvested, the more sugars and acids accumulate in it.

The peel of the berries is strong, dense, but rather thin. They have high transportability and keeping quality. The advantage of such a dense skin is that bees, wasps and birds cannot damage it, and therefore it is not necessary to protect the crop from them. In grapes, the skin is easily separated from the pulp, the berries themselves have high taste qualities. Nordic Grape Benefits:

• yield;
• good ripening shoots;
• frost resistance;
• he is resistant to oidium and other diseases.

Among the shortcomings, it can be noted that with a lack of water, not only the taste worsens, but also the yield drops. Despite the fact that Severny is declared as a frost-resistant variety that can tolerate low temperatures, it is recommended to grow a crop under light cover in the conditions of the Urals, Siberia and northern regions. Also, before winter, you can lay the vine on the ground, in this case, the grapes will be securely covered with fallen snow.

High-yielding variety. It can be used to make high-quality homemade wine, which will have a rich, pleasant taste. In most regions of our country, summer is short and cool, with a small number of sunny days. Winter here is usually cold and long. Forin order to get high yields, you need to know and observe some subtleties of agricultural technology.

Features of growing Northern grapes

In the spring, you should not rush to plant seedlings in the ground. You need to wait for it to warm up to a depth of 50-60 cm. Usually, landing is done in the last days of May or in the first decade of June.

Until this time, the seedlings of the North can be buried in the ground. You can also plant them in special containers. But in this case, the vine must be put out in the yard, so that it receives maximum sunlight. Also, seedlings should be covered from the wind.

Experienced growers believe that the farther north the grapes grow, the more severe the weather conditions and climate, the he althier the berries and the tastier the juice and wine. All the subtleties of caring for this culture can be found in the video presented.

Landing

In order to ensure uniform heating of the soil at an air temperature of 18-22 degrees, trenches should be made along the rows of grapes, preferably on the south side of the plantings. This will contribute to faster thawing of the land in spring, removal of melt water and warming up the soil to the required depth.

In the event that you do not have such an opportunity, you can plant grapes in bulk ridges: their height should be about 80 cm. Direction from west to east, thanks to this placement, 1-2 degrees of heat will be added. In addition, fruit buds will be laid more intensively. Please note: planting in ridges will avoid waterlogging.

However, this method has its drawbacks: morenutrients are intensively consumed, and the soil is washed out by rain, in order to slow down these processes, grapes should be enriched with useful substances.

How to feed the grapes

After May 15, about 10 kg of manure (rotted) should be applied under each plant. It is laid out on the surface of the soil under the very bushes, without embedding in the ground. This method gives high efficiency when growing crops in beds. The manure placed in this way will provide the grape bush with the necessary amount of organic matter.

How to feed the grapes? Can organic fertilizers be used? Note that they are widely used as top dressing, it can be ash, compost. Weeds, fallen leaves are also a source of nutrients. However, they must be removed from the area around grapes and other plants in a timely manner, otherwise they can cause the development of pathogenic microorganisms and lead to plant diseases. To use them for fertilizer, you should make water infusions from them or mulch the soil.

Humates

The most useful and popular fertilizers for grapes are humates. This is the name of artificially created concentrations of useful substances. They help to grow a good harvest not only of grapes, but also of other crops. It is recommended to start planting with the treatment of the roots of seedlings with humates. Thanks to this procedure, the natural potential is activated, and the genetic program is fully implemented in practice. Usually sodium and potassium humates are used. However, sodium contains heavy metals, so potassium is more popular.

Gibberrellins

In addition to humates, gibberellins are used. This is an extract of natural phytohormones, which significantly accelerate the implementation of the genetic program, and also help plants grow stronger faster. It has been noted that the use of gibberellin does not relieve grapes from peas, but it is not a fact that this is somehow interconnected. The effectiveness and safety of this substance has been proven.

It should be noted that fertilizing grapes with superphosphate gives good performance. Experienced growers note that he responds well to them.