Industry 2024, April
What is an industrial design?
An industrial design has some differences from other objects of patent law - an invention or utility model. In order for an object of patent law to be recognized, it is necessary that an industrial design, invention or model be properly registered. For these purposes, you can apply to the Institute of Industrial Property (Federal) or contact a patent attorney who is better versed in the features of a very voluminous and complex legislation
Granulated blast-furnace slag: production, composition, GOST
The powerful development of metallurgy has led to the fact that a wide variety of raw materials have been used in this area. Naturally, after all operations, waste remains. Blast furnace slag also belongs to this category. Despite this, it is still usable
Denim fabric: features and types
Denim is mostly made from durable cotton. Despite all the ideas about jeans, it can turn out to be quite heterogeneous, and if initially it was invariably the same in density and “made up” only with dark blue “indigo” paint, then at the present time, denim can be of different density and color, composition and kind
Axlebox: device. Wagon wheelset
In any device, car, train, etc., there are parts that are basic. If we talk about trains, then one of its fundamental parts was the axle box, which is part of the running system of the car
Driver controller: purpose, device and principle of operation
The use of a variety of vehicles today is very active. They all have in common that they need to be managed. The driver's controller is also designed for control. With it, you can remotely control the traction motor in braking or traction mode
Paving stone production: equipment, technology
The article is devoted to the production of paving stones. The equipment and technologies for the manufacture of various materials of this group are considered
How to cook cast iron by electric welding: work technology and necessary materials
The main composition and types of cast iron. Difficulties and features of welding cast iron products. Cast iron welding methods. Preparatory operations before welding. How to cook cast iron by electric welding in a cold and hot way, as well as gas equipment. Features of the electrodes used for welding cast iron. Safety measures during welding
Greases are Concept, range, composition and application
Grease is one of the main components that effectively affects the safe and long-term operation of both simple and complex mechanisms with rubbing surfaces. Requirements for greases. Operating principle. Advantages and disadvantages. Basic characteristics and properties of lubricants. Classification and labeling
Filter fabrics: what is it, pros and cons, scope
In the field of various industries, the concept of "technical fabric" has long been entrenched. But filtering materials claim the first place. Filter cloth finds its place in an ever wider application in a wide variety of fields. Production is growing and expanding. About what it is, where and how it is used, what types exist, read the article
Metal band saw. Metal cutting machine
Metal band saw is a high-performance equipment that is responsible for a variety of functions, such as cutting metals and cutting a variety of strong and high-strength materials
PMM pistol: description, pros and cons
The PM pistol is, in fact, the grandfather among modern weapons. It was created back in the distant 40s by the outstanding weapons designer Makarov. But the war prevented bringing this equipment of the command staff to mass production. And only after its completion, another competition was organized
Vacuum packaging of fish is a guarantee of its long-term preservation
Vacuum packaging of fish can significantly extend the shelf life if it is done with preliminary displacement of air from the chamber with special gas mixtures prepared for each product
Bronze - melting point. How bronze items are made
The article talks about bronze, its classification, the method of melting and the manufacture of products from this alloy
What you can't do without a service station - a stand for checking high-pressure fuel pumps
Repair of diesel engines, as a type of successful business, is unthinkable without a stand for checking injection pumps. Read about some of its features in the article
PJSC "Crimean Soda Plant": features and reviews
PJSC "Crimean Soda Plant" is a major manufacturer of soda ash grades "A" and "B" with a 40-year history. The company specializes in the production and supply of industrial soda, soda products, building lime, detergents, s alt
Production potential is Definition of the concept, methods of development, features
In a time of ever-changing market conditions and competition, companies face the challenge of not only increasing industry market share, but also maintaining it. Production potential is one of the key resources that can provide an advantage in a competitive environment
Stabilized wood: what is it and where is it used?
Stabilized wood is a product obtained after a long and far from difficult process of processing wood material. Stabilization is considered more of an art than a handicraft, as the master has to apply all his experience, imagination and talent to make a truly valuable sample
What is ABS plastic
ABS plastic is a special kind of plastic, which is characterized by increased flexibility and environmental friendliness. Today it is used in many industries. Let's talk about it in more detail
What is surgical steel for?
Today, surgical steel is used for the production of medical instruments, jewelry, watches, dishes, and luxury stationery. What are the advantages of modern surgical steel?
Industrial meat grinder. Food industry equipment
The article is devoted to industrial meat grinders. The design features, configuration options, power and tasks solved by this equipment are described
IL-96-400 aircraft: description, specifications and features
IL-96 begins its history in the 1980s. However, plans for the gradual replacement of obsolete Soviet aviation were not destined to come true. And although, according to its data, this machine is in many ways superior to the American Boeings, the new model found its application almost 20 years later, and only the Russian Air Force
Heavy military transport aircraft Il-76TD: specifications
As is often the case, equipment originally designed for the military is moving into another category. The name remains the same, only it will be used for peaceful purposes. An example of such a transition can be considered the Il-76TD - a long-range transport aircraft. Its parameters and characteristics, capabilities and advantages will be described in this review
Jib self-propelled crawler crane RDK-250: specifications
The RDK-250 crane is a real giant in the construction industry. About him, his capabilities and characteristics will be a real review
"Admiral Ushakov" (cruiser): history and characteristics
The Soviet Union occupied one sixth of the land. Partly due to geographical location, partly due to technological capabilities, a lot of time was devoted to the development of ships of the Navy in the country. However, this is still being done by any large state
Su-25T: photo, characteristics
The Su-25 attack aircraft, developed during the Soviet Union, still operates in the Russian Air Force. Since the first takeoff, the aircraft has been upgraded several times, and today's article will be about one of these versions, namely the T model
Density of steel in kg/m3. Carbon and alloy steels
Steel is the most common metallic material in the industry, on the basis of which structures and tools with desired properties are made. Depending on the purpose of this material, many of its physical properties, including density, change. In this article, we will consider what steel density is in kg / m3
The most powerful laser pointer easily burns through plastic - myth or truth?
What is a laser pointer? An innocent childish prank or a powerful weapon in capable hands? In this article, we will consider the principle of operation, the main varieties and scope of laser designators. You will learn how powerful pointers are and what you can do with them. We'll also talk about safety
Dielectric boots: state standard, testing and safety
According to regulatory documents, all means of protection are divided into basic and additional. At the same time, the second group is in no way inferior to the first, it helps to avoid trouble, to become a lifesaver when working in electrical installations with more than 1,000 V. In the article, we will talk about dielectric bots: what is it, what standard controls the quality and when the protective equipment must be tested
Polymer materials: technology, types, production and application
Polymeric materials are chemical high-molecular compounds that consist of numerous small-molecular monomers (units) of the same structure
Modern production. The structure of modern production. Problems of modern production
Developed industry and a high level of the country's economy are key factors influencing the we alth and well-being of its population. Such a state has great economic opportunities and potential. A significant component of the economy of many countries is the production
Construction of the Rostov NPP. Accident at Rostov NPP
The launch of the Rostov nuclear power plant will be the first after the Chernobyl disaster. All these years, nuclear energy has been going through hard times
Cost management as a guarantee of the effective functioning of the enterprise
The cost management system is becoming vital for the successful and efficient operation of an enterprise in an unstable economic situation in the country and in the world, because reserves for cost reduction can always be found. In addition, cost reduction depends directly on competent management. Cost management will be discussed in the article
Lightweight concrete - the best solution for construction and design
Traditional bricks are being replaced by light concretes. What are they? What are their technical specifications?
Mineral wool as a source of saving heat
For a long time, people have been striving to make their homes not only safe, but also warm. Many materials help to solve this problem, but mineral wool is the most commonly purchased
Steel is an irreplaceable material
Modern technical civilization is hard to imagine without steel. Various brands of this material are used almost everywhere. Both ordinary household items and complex devices are made from it. But ideally, steel is an alloy of iron and carbon, however, like cast iron
Granite sifting - design and building material
Granite has been used as a building and design material for a long time. It is highly durable and beautiful. In places of its occurrence, it is in the form of a solid monolithic rock. Therefore, when mining granite, blasting is carried out. And this leads to the formation of waste in the form of rubble, which, by the way, is widely used in the construction of roads
Universal metal milling machines
Metal milling machines have high performance, durability and reliability. They are characterized by high quality and precision processing. These units have individual guide lubrication and automated assembly lubrication
Copper wire. Areas of use
Copper wire is used in the electric power industry, construction, printing, mechanical engineering and light industry. Contact wires, cables, rivets, decorative elements and low-temperature pairs are made from it. In the shoe industry, small copper nails, accessories and studs are made from it
Massandra winery: the history of the enterprise. Winery "Massandra": brands, price
The bright sun, the gentle sea, the juicy greenery of cedars and the fragrance of magnolias, ancient palaces and a warm, fertile climate - this is Massandra. But the southern coast of Crimea is known not only for its landscapes and historical sights. Here is the world-famous winery for the production of grape wines
Thermal power plants: description, operation and technical characteristics
The article is devoted to thermal power plants. The features of such objects, the nuances of operation and maintenance are considered
Cotton fabric is the most popular and practical material
Properties of cotton clothing are known to all. It is durable, hygienic, durable and inexpensive. However, few people know that cotton fabric is not only chintz or calico. These are the most diverse materials that are used to produce all types of clothing
Interlock (fabric), what is it?
Interlock fabric is a cotton fabric. It differs from other types of fabric in a special complex weave of loops, resulting in a strong, slightly elastic structure of the fabric. Interlock is a popular fabric, widely used in tailoring sports, home and children's clothing
What is a plastic bottle made of, interesting to know?
It all starts with getting plastic. It is made from oil. The latter is loaded into containers, onto tankers and sent to factories. Sometimes bioplastics made from plant materials are used
Fabric micro-oil, what is it?
This is a synthetic knitted fabric that has several names: jersey oil, micro oil. Micro-oil fabric is mainly produced from viscose, polyester, lycra. They are used for sewing women's clothing: dresses, tunics, skirts, blouses, trousers. Footer is a cotton knitted fabric
Tensel, fabric - what is it?
Tensel is the most durable of cellulose fibers. It is stronger than cotton and linen. Great for bed linens. Fabric suppliers are located in the Far East, in Italy, Portugal, Turkey, India
Footer fabric, what is it?
Footer is a knitted fabric made from cotton. The main feature is that it is smooth at the top, and inside it can be fleeced, which insulates the material. The footer fabric with lycra is more wear-resistant, the products become elastic, and their service life is extended
What is polyester?
Polyester is a common member of the polyester class. It is a synthetic fiber from polyethylene terephthalate melt
Energy system - what is it?
Currently, people everywhere use electricity. Everyone knows that it gets into their house through wires stretching from an electric booth. However, this object is not a producer, it is the same consumer as an ordinary house. The power system is a much more complex structure than it seems at first glance
Piezoelectric sensor: description, acceleration, principle of operation and features
Piezoelectric sensors stand out for their compactness and high measurement accuracy. To find out more information about them, you need to consider existing types and understand how they work
Construction crane
The first crane appeared in 1830 in Great Britain. It was a steam version. A more advanced model, already hydraulic, was designed 17 years later. But if earlier, when the first cranes appeared, the work was carried out by and large by manual force or partial mechanization, today any construction site, from small to large, has a construction crane at its disposal
US oil reserves: tuning fork of the global hydrocarbon market
Strategic oil reserves in the US will last for 12 years of a quiet life at constant consumption rates. Is it a lot or a little? And why is the level of these stocks in the reports constantly changing? Who evaluates volumes and how? Why are many people in the world interested in this data, including financiers? We read, we think, we understand
Liquefied natural gas (LNG): production, storage, transportation
If we rank modern marine vessels in terms of aesthetics and design, then cruise ships will not win at all. Snow-white liquefied gas tankers will win, striking with their size, variety and unique designs. Liquefied natural gas production is no joke. This is big world politics
Shipment of goods - what is it?
Before shipping the goods, an appropriate contract must be signed between the sender and the recipient. Any manufactured product must be delivered to its destination. After signing, an act is drawn up for the acceptance and transfer of goods and other required documentation. The article will tell you what the shipment of goods is. We will decide how to draw up documents correctly and in accordance with existing laws of the Russian Federation
Supply chain: organization, structure, functions and features
The supply chain is the set of steps a company takes to transform raw components into final products and deliver them to customers. Let's analyze some issues related to supply chains and their management in more detail
Production of felt boots: technology and equipment
The production of felt boots has remained unchanged for several hundred years. The raw material is natural wool, which shrinks strongly during the manufacturing process, resulting in the best winter shoes for frosty and dry winters
Solar battery production: technology and equipment
Solar battery production technology, ways to increase efficiency, how to assemble a device at home with your own hands
JSC Neftekamsk Automobile Plant, Bashkiria
Neftekamsk Automobile Plant Open Joint Stock Company is one of the leading Russian manufacturers of passenger buses. The second direction of the enterprise is the assembly of heavy dump trucks, tanks and trailers on the basis of KamAZ
Coinage: history and characteristics of the process
The article tells about what coinage is, what equipment is used for this, and also touches upon the issue of making souvenir coins
Main types of lumber, characteristics, classification and scope
Wood today is one of the most sought-after materials in many areas of human activity. It has a whole range of special features. Existing types of lumber are able to satisfy any needs of any industry. Their properties and classification deserve detailed consideration
Transformers are an integral part of electronics
Transformers are devices that play one of the most important roles in places where electrical energy is used. Their main purpose is the generation of electricity and its supply. In most cases, three-phase types are used
Product is.. Production of products. Finished products
The economy of every country is based on industrial enterprises that produce products or provide services. The number of products manufactured by an enterprise is an indicator for assessing the effectiveness of a company, industry, and even the entire national economy
Bronze is an alloy composition. The chemical composition of bronze
Many people know about bronze only that sculptures and monuments are cast from it. In fact, this metal is undeservedly deprived of popular attention. After all, it was not in vain that in the history of mankind there was even a Bronze Age - a whole era during which the alloy occupied a dominant position. The qualities possessed by an alloy of copper and tin are simply indispensable in many industries. It is used in the manufacture of tools, in mechanical engineering, casting church bells, and so on
Steel ropes - general definition and basic parameters
Depending on the operating conditions, steel ropes are divided into traction, reinforcing, lifting, cargo, towing, mine, bearing, etc. These products are widely used in many industries and utilities. Steel ropes are a load-bearing element of transport, road construction, lifting structures and machines. The quality of these devices ensures the safe use of all lifting mechanisms
Hydraulic press: description, device, principle of operation, characteristics
Processing various materials under strong physical pressure allows you to perform stamping, cutting, straightening and other operations. Similar works are organized in construction, in production, in the transport sector and car services. Technical conditions for them are most often created by means of a hydraulic press, which is controlled directly by the operator without power auxiliary units
Heptyl rocket fuel: properties, characteristics, danger to humans, application
With the advent of such a direction of human activity as rocket and space research, the question of ensuring its environmental safety arose. And the main problematic link in this area was the safety of rocket fuel (heptyl) of the direct process of launching rockets and space technology into orbit. On the second question, the problems of ecological safety for the planet's biosphere are vague and distant. But as for the toxicity of heptyl rocket fuel, there are no more questions
Ceramic material: properties, production technology, application
The first pottery appeared long before people learned how to smelt metal. Ancient pots and jugs that archaeologists find to this day are proof of this. It is worth noting that the ceramic material has unique properties that make it simply indispensable in some areas
Wooden paper: what it is made of
Paper is consumed by people in huge quantities. One person per year accounts for one hundred and fifty kilograms. From what and how paper is made, read the article
Damascus steel - history and manufacture
Damascus steel is one of the most popular steel used to create blades. Products from this alloy are characterized by a unique pattern and excellent cutting properties
Petrochemical products: list, production and application
Petrochemical products are everywhere in our life, and we do not even suspect it. Such widespread use is possible due to the complex chemical composition of oil. Let us consider in more detail some of the petrochemical products, the features of their production and application
Power line systems
Without power lines, a technocratic landscape is inconceivable. This web of humanity has entwined the whole world. A power line is one of the elements of electrical systems that transmits energy through current. Power lines are cable and air
The largest Russian companies: an overview
Raising a business from scratch and becoming successful in Russia is incredibly difficult. In this article we will talk about the largest Russian companies and their activities
Major greenhouse gas. What is a greenhouse gas?
The article is about greenhouse gases. The main gaseous mixtures of this type, their features and influence on the atmosphere are considered
Raw material for industry - white quartz sand
What miracles are not prepared on Earth for man! Here, for example, is an amazing sight - white sand. From afar, you won’t immediately understand: is it snowdrifts in the middle of summer, or mountains of granulated sugar, or maybe table s alt or another chemical?
Ukhta Oil Refinery: overview, features and interesting facts
Ukhta Oil Refinery is one of the oldest oil refineries in Russia. Since 1999, the company has been owned by OAO Lukoil. The owner invested more than 600 million rubles in the development and modernization of the UNPZ. Today, the plant continues to increase production volumes
The funicular is a sea of emotions. How the funicular works: device, length, height. The most famous funiculars in Kyiv, Vladivostok, Prague and Barcelona
Such an attraction as a funicular is not just a vehicle. It can be confidently called an attraction, in which the utilitarian function of the lift is combined with entertainment
German nuclear power: features and interesting facts
Relatively recently, the German Minister of Energy announced the refusal to build new nuclear power plants and the transition in the near future to the use of renewable sources. This is a very bold statement. Will a state with such a powerful and developed industry be able to meet the demand for electricity only through the use of wind, solar and water energy?
Ruhr coal basin: description
The article describes the geographical features and minerals of the North Rhine-Westphalia region, in which the Ruhr coal basin is located. a brief summary of the history of the development of the region and the post-industrial phase of development, which replaced the rapid industrial growth, is given
French Air Force. History and modernity
The article tells about the history of the formation and development of the French Air Force, which in its development went from biplanes used in the fields of the First World War to Rafale aircraft equipped with the most modern avionics
Voronezh brewery: a large enterprise with a century of history
Voronezh brewery has been on the map of the capital of the Black Earth region for many years. This enterprise was able to survive the Soviet rise in industry and even the hard times of perestroika. Today it is part of the mighty beer industry and supplies its products to all corners of Russia
Automatic lathe and its characteristics. Automatic lathe multi-spindle longitudinal turning with CNC. Manufacturing and processing of parts on automatic lathes
Automatic lathe is a modern equipment used mainly in mass production of parts. There are many varieties of such machines. One of the most popular types are longitudinal turning lathes
Tumbling - what is it? Finishing parts to a shine with an abrasive method
Jewellers, car enthusiasts, manufacturers of facing materials often face the same question: how to make a beautiful, shiny surface of a product? The dagger comes to the rescue. What it is? This is a technological process in which the hard surface of the part is cleaned and machined. The article tells about the equipment used, abrasive materials, processing technology
Paper twine - description, manufacturing technology and features
Technology does not stand still, the same trend can be seen in the packaging materials industry. However, there are such unshakable and irreplaceable things over which neither progress nor time has power, such products include paper twine. The article describes its properties and capabilities. Issues of manufacturing technology and operational characteristics are raised
SU-34 aircraft: description and specifications. Military aviation
By 1990, the main thing was done: a new bow with the famous "duck beak" appeared. By the mid-nineties, the Su-34 acquired its official name (it managed to visit both the T-10V-5 and the Su-32FN). But it officially entered service only in 2014
Chinese tractor: specifications, description and reviews
Chinese tractors are indispensable helpers not only for farmers, but also in public utilities or on private estates. Ease of operation and increased functionality due to attachments make this technique a real gift
Designs and types of bridges
The bridge is an engineering structure that extends the road and railroad. With their help, it is easy to drive by car or train directly to your destination, without making tedious detours and without using other transport
Neodymium magnets: reviews and appointment
For the production of computer hard drives, metal detectors, oil filters, neodymium magnets have been used for a long time. Reviews of experts confirm their durability and ease of use. Power engineers use them to build generators
Methods for determining the density of dry pine
Any material has a certain density, but in some cases it may be different, for example, for wood. The density of this material is different for different types of wood. It depends on the origin of the tree, the weather and many other factors
Can glass be tempered, and how is this product characterized?
Recently, there has been a steady popularity of the use of glass products in interior design, including external glazing. Current production technologies make it possible to obtain clean glass of absolutely any shape and size. However, no matter how beautiful it may be, this does not make it the most protected from mechanical damage. In fact, when glass falls even a few centimeters, it is first covered with small cracks, and then instantly crumbles
Engineering network: classification, design features
Currently, there is an engineering network in any house. It is impossible to imagine a modern home without it. The engineering network is a system of heating, sewerage and water supply. Specialists draw up projects of all the above structures, internal and external, for the convenience of their subsequent operation by citizens
What is PVC film and how is it marked
PVC film favorably differs from polyethylene film in its better optical properties and the possibility of being used for packaging many foodstuffs
Machining of metal parts
Production of a part is a labor-intensive process that includes a huge number of different types of processing. As a rule, it begins with the preparation of route technology and the execution of a drawing. This documentation contains all the necessary data for the manufacture of the part. Machining is a rather important stage, which includes a huge number of different operations. Let's consider them in more detail
Reproductive process: definition, characteristics, stages and examples
Economics is a very broad science that studies the economic life of mankind. Perhaps everyone who has devoted at least a few hours to it knows about such moments as: production, distribution, exchange and consumption. What is the name of their collection? Just a reproductive process
Non-woven material: density, production and application
Nonwoven material is used today in many industries. Clothes and furniture upholstery are made from such a fabric. It is also often used to protect agricultural plants and in the arrangement of drainage systems. The main characteristic of any covering material is density
Wool fabric in a modern wardrobe
Due to its unique properties, woolen fabric remains one of the most sought-after materials for making quality clothing. Perfectly combined with natural and synthetic fibers, wool has provided the fashion industry with a huge range of a wide variety of fabrics used for tailoring women's and men's clothing
Industrial production of machines and mechanisms
Industrial production in any state is divided into two groups. The first group - it is conditionally designated by the index A - is focused on the production of means of production. This formulation is given in all textbooks on economics. If we expand this concept with an example, then in this sector machines, tools and other equipment are produced that are used in the same industrial enterprises
Spaceship: overcome gravity
Spaceship is perhaps the most significant invention in the history of mankind. This is a real scientific and technological breakthrough, which allowed us to touch the secrets of the Universe and to know the world outside our home planet. Throughout its history, human civilization has had to go through a long and thorny path full of mistakes and failures, the crowning achievement of which was overcoming Earth's gravity and entering near-Earth space
Kirov (Putilov) plant: history, products
Kirovsky Zavod is the largest diversified enterprise in Russia with a rich history and numerous production traditions. For more than two centuries, the plant has consistently held a leading position in the production of military, industrial and household products
Lighter carrier "Sevmorput": characteristics and photos
Lighter carrier "Sevmorput": specifications, purpose, operation, features. Nuclear icebreaking lighter carrier "Sevmorput": description, photo
Machines for furniture production: types, classification, manufacturer, characteristics, instructions for use, specification, installation and operation features
Modern equipment and machines for furniture manufacturing are software and hardware tools for processing blanks and fittings. With the help of such units, craftsmen perform cutting, edging and adding parts from MDF, chipboard, furniture board or plywood
Important factories of Ulyanovsk
Ulyanovsk, aka former Simbirsk, is located on the banks of the Volka and Sviyaga rivers, and occupies one of the most important places in the manufacturing and engineering industries. The UAZ plant in Ulyanovsk, famous throughout Russia, is not the only one that contributes to the development of the country's production potential