Industry 2024, May
Sputtering of metals: methods, technology, equipment
The article is devoted to the technologies of metal deposition. The features of the process, as well as different methods of performing the operation are considered
Woodworking enterprises and their place in the country's economy
Large woodworking enterprises were mainly located in Siberia - where the taiga grew, giving the main raw materials. At the beginning of the nineteenth century, there was a significant increase in production in this industry, but its material and technical base was still underdeveloped. Therefore, for the most part, the production of sawn timber prevailed, and complex wood products were still created by hand by handicraftsmen
Production of plywood: technology, main stages of the process and areas of application of the material
Plywood is one of the cheapest and most practical building materials. Despite the multi-layer structure, it is easy to install and can be processed at home without special equipment. Standard production of plywood involves the use of wood lamellas, with proper processing of which you can get a finishing material that is resistant to a variety of threats
Cement slurry: properties, preparation rules, composition, compliance with GOST requirements, purpose and application
During the drilling process, special solutions are used to flush out cuttings and products from the development of local rock. This operation is necessary to increase the efficiency of the mechanical impact of the drilling rig and to clear the bottom hole. Washing out is carried out using cement slurries, which are prepared using special technologies
Open-hearth furnace and its importance in steel production
The open-hearth furnace, invented in the middle of the century before last, made a real revolution and a technological breakthrough in the field of ferrous metallurgy. There was an opportunity for the production of steel on an industrial scale. This was the starting point for the rapid development of mechanical engineering. Many objects and mechanisms that we regularly use, without thinking about the history of their creation, began their journey in the hearth of an open-hearth furnace
Pipe production: description
Production of pipes differs depending on the material of manufacture, the intended use of products, diameter, profile, connection method and other technological factors. Consider the features of the production of these products and their brief characteristics
Compressor units: definition of the concept, advantages and disadvantages
Compressor units are used to operate pneumatic equipment. There are many types of models. They differ in design and parameters
Mechanization and automation of production processes
Automation of production and technological processes is a procedure in which the control and management functions performed by a person are transferred to instruments and devices. This results in a significant increase in productivity and product quality
Reliability is Technical reliability. Reliability factor
Modern man cannot imagine his existence without various mechanisms that simplify life and make it much safer
Weapon-grade plutonium: application, production, disposal
Weapons-grade plutonium is an element with which you can create the most powerful weapon on Earth. We will talk about it in this article
Wheel sets of wagons. Malfunctions of wheel sets of railway wagons
The article is devoted to malfunctions of wheelsets in railway transport. Describes common types of wear and deformation, as well as the nuances of maintenance and repair
Voronezh Plants: overview, addresses, products, employee reviews
Voronezh industry is known to people not only within the region, but throughout the CIS. Today we will talk about the most prominent representatives of the industrial sector in the capital of the Black Earth region, as well as their products and locations
Ceramic factory in Voronezh: address, history, products
Ceramic plant in Voronezh is an enterprise for the production of tiles and related products. It has existed on the territory of the city for more than 50 years, but still, for many residents of the city, the activity of the plant is shrouded in a veil of secrecy. Today we will tell you where the company is located, what it produces and what stages of its existence it has gone through
Gribanovskiy sugar factory: address, history, products, contacts
Gribanovskiy sugar factory can be safely called a city-forming enterprise. It is located in the Voronezh region and is the main place of work for most of the population of the village of Gribanovsky. We will tell about the products and the history of the plant in our material
Making dry ice at home
Externally, carbon dioxide really resembles ordinary ice (hence the name). Dry ice temperature is close to -79˚С. It “melts”, absorbing 590 kJ/kg. Non-toxic
Who discovered the phenomenon of rubber vulcanization, and what is it?
Who discovered the phenomenon of rubber vulcanization, not everyone knows. Although the name of this person is often mentioned in advertising messages. His name was Charles Nelson Goodyear, and today tires of a well-known brand carry his name. Without his participation, “Indian rubber” (rubber) might never have been widely used, because it was just a curiosity once brought from America
Foamed polyethylene. About the features of the material
This article talks about the properties of polyethylene foam. After all, they determine how and to what extent the material will be used. In addition, additional information is provided on the varieties of material for various parameters, which can also be useful for any person
Epoxy resin: an indispensable assistant in all industries
Epoxy resin is a substance with great resistance to acids, halogens and alkalis. This is a synthetic oligomer. It can be used to glue almost any material
Types of cast iron, classification, composition, properties, marking and application
The types of cast iron that exist today allow a person to create many products. Therefore, we will talk about this material in more detail in this article
Rubber O-rings (GOST)
Rubber o-rings are designed to seal the connection of various parts, both fixed and moving. These products are also used in the construction of hydraulic and pneumatic units and devices. what types of o-rings are there?
Thermal expansion valve: principle of operation, device and characteristics
Today, expansion valves are used in many devices. With their help, you can easily adjust the temperature in a living room, they can be added to the design of a tap, used in car air conditioners, etc
Stainless steel corrugated pipe - overview, features, specifications and types
The article is devoted to stainless steel corrugated pipes. The characteristics of products, their features, types, nuances of installation, etc. are considered
Asbestos-cement pipe: sizes and types
Asbestos-cement pipe: description, types, typical sizes, features. asbestos-cement pipe: characteristics, photo, diameter
AISI 304: properties, characteristics, composition
This article is a repository of the most important information about such a complex aspect as steel and metallurgy. But unlike the dry technical language, which in most cases is incomprehensible to the average person who does not have a higher education in the field of metallurgy, all the information included in this article is presented in much simpler words so that everyone can plunge into the topic, become interested, and in the future delve into it a little deeper
AISI 430: characteristics, analogue
Only high quality stainless steel is allowed in the food industry. This is due not only to strict regulations, but also to common sense. For these reasons, AISI 430 steel has become quite popular in this particular industry
Industrial ventilation: features, installation options and reviews
Industrial ventilation is a process, the purpose of which is to comply with technological and hygienic requirements in production, including air in the workplace
Aspiration systems: calculation, installation. Production of aspiration systems
Aspiration systems are systems that are designed to purify the air. The use of these installations is mandatory at all industrial enterprises that are characterized by harmful emissions into the atmosphere
Commissioning: organization, implementation, program and cost
In order to facilitate the work of maintenance personnel as much as possible, extend the life of the equipment, avoid the release of defective products and comply with all safety requirements, it is necessary to carry out commissioning before starting new machines
What are flange connections? Types of flange connections. Flanged connections in industry
Flanged connections are often used in industry. They must ensure the tightness and strength of the assembled structures. The role of a high-quality connection is important, because a weak bond can lead to large losses and threaten the danger to the operating personnel
Station for increasing water pressure in the house: overview, types, features, reviews
The article is devoted to pumping stations to increase the water pressure in the house. The varieties, features and reviews of such units are considered
Compartment car. How to find your place?
One of the most enjoyable ways to travel is by rail. Anyone who has ever visited a compartment car is familiar with the sound of wheels, tea in a glass with a glass holder and unhurried conversations with fellow travelers. However, few people are familiar with its history and some interesting features. Moreover, not everyone will be able to find even their own seats in a compartment car without the help of a conductor
Types of ships: classification
The sea has always attracted people. Industry developed, new devices and machines appeared, and soon a huge number of ships and vessels were launched into the water. Read about their types in the article
Types of ships: names with photos
As the fleet developed, some types of warships appeared, others disappeared, and still others took on a different meaning. A frigate is an example. This concept survived later types such as ironclads, dreadnoughts and even battleships
The structure of the ship. Types and purpose of ships
The structure of the ship, at least its main structural elements, does not depend on the type and purpose of the ship, whether it be sailboats driven by the force of the wind that inflates the sails, or wheeled steamers with a steam engine as a propulsion, cruise liners with a steam turbine plant, or nuclear icebreakers. Unless sailboats also have spars, rigging and sails
Connections: purpose, types of connections. Examples, advantages, disadvantages of types of compounds
Machines and machine tools, equipment and household appliances - all these mechanisms have many details in their design. Their high-quality connection is a guarantee of reliability and safety during work. What types of connections are there? Let's take a closer look at their characteristics, advantages and disadvantages
Main types of gases
Nature knows three main states: solid, liquid and gaseous. Almost any liquid can acquire each of the remaining two. Many solids, when melted and evaporated or burned, can replenish the content of the air. But not every gas can become a component of solid materials or liquids. Different types of gases are known, which differ from each other in properties, origin and application features
Raw materials are the basis of production
Raw material is a material intended for further processing in production. In fact, it is with him that the release of any product begins
Bolt strength class: marking, GOST and tightening torque
The article describes the main types of threaded connections. Particular attention is paid to the concept of bolt strength class
Production is the release of products
Production is engaged in the production of products aimed at meeting human needs. Profit is the end result of any business
Silk production: past and present
Disputes about when the silk production process began continue to this day. However, the finds of archaeologists in China could already put an end to this issue - fragments of fabric discovered in 1958 in the province of Shandong, in eastern China, are the oldest silk products that have come down to us in the world
Cotton: fabric for all occasions
From ancient times to this day, cotton has been a favorite material for many people. The fabric made from this natural material is very hygienic and pleasant to wear
Helicopter models: overview, specifications, descriptions and reviews
Helicopter models: rating, description, features. Radio-controlled helicopter models: an overview of the best modifications, photos, reviews. Mi helicopter kit model: parameters
Slavyanka Confectionery (Stary Oskol): history, description, products
Slavyanka Confectionery Factory in Stary Oskol, Belgorod Region, is an enterprise with a rich history. Founded in the 18th century, it has grown from a small bakery to a large food processing company. Today, production is part of the Slavyanka confectionery association, which has rallied such reputable manufacturers as Volzhanka, KONFI, the factory named after. Krupskaya and others
Chocolate factory "Novosibirskaya" - the key to success in quality products
Chocolate factory "Novosibirskaya" began its work in the distant 1942 and to this day is the main manufacturer of confectionery in Siberia. The range of its products is huge. The quality is top notch. This is constantly monitored by the factory management. The equipment is updated annually, new developments and technologies are introduced. We will talk about how the company manages to maintain its leading position in the article
Demidov factories: description, history, products and reviews
Demidov's factories are shrouded in secrets, have a long history of serving the interests of the state and personal gain. The Demidovs are innovators, industrialists, philanthropists and eccentrics. The article will tell you what kind of legacy the family left, what its representatives did for the country, and how they were the first to establish entire industries, mining, mineral exploration
Reliable Protection Features: Lubricating Greases
No production process is possible without certain components. It is to such irreplaceable miracle products that greases belong. They are used not only in production, but also in everyday life
Axlebox units: description, malfunctions, design and repair
Currently, railway communication within the country and between countries is quite well developed. The fact that trains carry a large number of people or valuable goods suggests that they must always be in perfect technical condition in order to avoid huge problems. One of the most important elements is the axle box
Pump NShN-600, specifications
When extinguishing fires, various pumps are used to supply water in its pure form and with additives of a foaming agent. One of the most common units is the NShN-600 pump, which is part of the standard equipment of almost all fire fighting equipment
Diesel locomotive 2TE10M: design and characteristics
The constant growth of industry in the USSR in the 70s led to an increase in freight traffic. The locomotives available in the depot fleet could not move large trains at high speeds and on roads with difficult terrain. The development of diesel locomotives with diesel power from 4000 forces was not included in the long-term plans of diesel locomotive enterprises, so the emphasis was on the creation of multi-section locomotives made up of standard serial parts
Skidders, the most common models
When performing logging operations, the delivery of felled trees from felling sites to the place of loading onto timber trucks is carried out using skidders. Currently, the most common machines are models TT-4 and TDT-55
T-34-100: history of creation
The medium tank T-34 at the time of its appearance in 1940 met the highest requirements for this type of weapon. But the growing security of enemy tanks forced the installation of more and more powerful guns - 85 mm caliber and above
UD is an abbreviation for stationary engines
At the end of the 60s, the UD-25 engine with two cylinders appeared in the production program of the Ulyanovsk Motor Plant. Timely maintenance and repair are the key to long-term operation of such motors
Loading cranes: types and operating rules
Many years ago, lifting equipment was one of the main achievements of technology. But today, when advanced technologies and modern materials are being actively introduced, it is gradually becoming more traditional
Heat-resistant glass: manufacturing features and scope
Glass is one of the most ancient and versatile materials. Glass products are all around us, but usually we do not think too much about its characteristics. They can vary greatly depending on the purpose of using the future product. One of the most common types is heat-resistant glass. Let's find out how it differs from the usual one and where it is applied
What is pine rosin?
What features does pine rosin have? What is it for? What state standard is responsible for its quality?
Charcoal. Charcoal production: equipment
At the present stage, you can get a fairly good profit by organizing your own business. And it is worth noting that today such a type of biological fuel as charcoal is beginning to enjoy particular popularity. So why not try to organize the production of these products?
Coal: application and diversity
It is hard to imagine something more indispensable for humanity than coal. Its application is so multifunctional that sometimes you just wonder. At such moments, doubt involuntarily creeps in, and a completely logical question sounds in my head: “What? Is it all coal?!” Everyone is used to considering coal as just a combustible material, but, in fact, its range of applications is so wide that it seems simply incredible
Reverse osmosis water treatment plant
The article is devoted to reverse osmosis water treatment plants. The features of such models, reviews, cost, etc. are considered
Electrolytic refining of copper: composition, formulas and reactions
Copper is most commonly found in chalcopyrite and sulfide ores. Silicate, sulfate and carbonate ores also contain copper. Its low percentage in these ores makes it necessary to concentrate them prior to electrolysis. Methods used to concentrate copper ores include heating in a furnace or reacting them with sulfuric acid
Filter materials: types, characteristics, purpose
Modern production and ordinary consumers require purification of many substances. For this, various filter materials are used. What types of them exist and what properties they are characterized by, should be considered in more detail
Extruded foam: specifications, thickness, density, thermal conductivity
The construction market today is overflowing with a variety of thermal insulation materials. They differ in production technology and their properties. However, one of the most popular is extruded foam, which will be discussed below
Threaded stud: basic concepts and applications
Zinc-plated threaded stud is a metal rod, along the entire length of which a metric thread is applied by knurling. It mounts with hammer-in anchors, metric nuts and washers, connector sleeves and a perforated profile in various lengths. Sometimes it is used as a fixing or tightening element in the installation of formwork or plays the role of a suspension
Utilization rate of production equipment is a guarantee of success
In any business, it is necessary to use equipment for the production of a particular product. That is why the coefficient of its use is so important
Functional diagram of automation. What is it for?
In recent years, automation processes in enterprises have become incredibly relevant. And functional diagrams are an integral part of these processes
JSC "Yaroslavl Tire Plant": description, products, production and reviews
JSC Yaroslavl Tire Plant without exaggeration is the leader of the country's tire industry. Every year, the company produces about 3 million units of high quality products for various types of equipment. The company is part of the holding "Cordiant"
Paraffin candles: manufacturing technology
Paraffin candles can be produced using two main technologies. In mass production of identical products, the casting technique is usually used. More expensive and beautiful candles are made by dipping the workpiece in molten paraffin
ATGM - a weapon to destroy tanks. ATGM "Kornet": specifications
An anti-tank guided missile (ATGM) is a weapon designed primarily to combat enemy armored vehicles. It can also be used to destroy fortified points, fire at low-flying targets and for other tasks
ZRK S-125 "Neva": development, performance characteristics, modifications
S-125 "Neva" - a short-range anti-aircraft missile system manufactured in the USSR. This article will consider the history of its creation and the main performance characteristics
"Whirlwind" (rocket). Anti-tank missile system
"Whirlwind" - a laser-guided missile from the Russian anti-tank missile system (ATGM) 9K121 "Whirlwind" (according to NATO classification - AT-16 Scallion). It is launched from ships, as well as from Ka-50, Ka-52 helicopters and Su-25 attack aircraft. It was first shown in 1992 at the Farnborough Air Show
Corvette "Resistant" project 20380
Project 20380 corvette Stoikiy is a new class ship of the Russian Navy (tail number 545) created in development of the Thundering corvette class. It was developed at Almaz Central Design Bureau, built in 2006-2012, and in the summer of 2014 became part of the Russian Navy
Characteristics of the Su-35. Su-35 aircraft: specifications, photo of the fighter. Comparative characteristics of the Su-35 and F-22
In 2003, the Sukhoi Design Bureau began the second in line modernization of the Su-27 fighter to create the Su-35 aircraft. The characteristics achieved in the process of modernization make it possible to call it a 4++ generation fighter, which means that its capabilities are as close as possible to the PAK FA fifth generation aircraft
Depleted uranium: description, characteristics and application
Depleted is called uranium, consisting primarily of the isotope U-238. It was first made in 1940 in the USA. This material is a by-product of the enrichment of natural uranium in the manufacture of nuclear fuel and ammunition
Meat: processing. Equipment for meat and poultry processing. Production, storage and processing of meat
Information of state statistics show that the volume of meat, milk and poultry consumed by the population has significantly decreased in recent years. This is caused not only by the pricing policy of manufacturers, but also by the banal shortage of these products, the required volumes of which simply do not have time to produce. But meat, the processing of which is an extremely profitable business, is very important for human he alth
Mayonnaise production: equipment and technology
Mayonnaise is a cold emulsion used as a sauce or condiment. It is made by mixing egg yolks and butter, then flavored with various combinations of vinegar, mustard, herbs and spices. Mayonnaise is often used as the base for creamy salad dressings
Obtaining alcohols: methods and raw materials
Obtaining alcohols is a rather complicated technological process. There are biochemical and chemical methods for obtaining alcohols. Obtaining methyl alcohol is carried out through the use of various technologies
Orthophosphoric acid: use and safety
Orthophosphoric acid has long served man faithfully. The scope of its use is quite wide: in baking, confectionery, agriculture. But not only this is famous for phosphoric acid. Its use against rust has already become a byword. One of the best anti-corrosion agents
Company "Derevenskoye Molochko": reviews
"Village milk" - a regional brand of the Tomsk region. This company, one of the few, has started producing Italian mozzarella and ricotta cheeses on the Russian market. By relying on innovation and quality, the company won the sympathy of consumers
Ka-52 "Alligator" - intellectual support helicopter
"Alligator" is a helicopter with the most advanced set of on-board equipment and the most effective weapon system today. In addition, this combat vehicle, which has no analogues in the world, has a number of unique flight and tactical characteristics and capabilities. "Alligator" - a helicopter officially recognized by the Guinness Book of Records as the best combat vehicle in the world in its class
Black Shark Helicopter: Steel Hawk Death Grip
The Black Shark helicopter is the world's best attack-assault single-seat rotorcraft for daytime use, developed by the Kamov Experimental Design Bureau in 1982. In terms of the technical perfection of its combat systems, it significantly surpasses the best similar foreign models. The Black Shark helicopter has a flight weight of 10.8 tons, is capable of speeds up to 390 km/h, rate of climb is 10 m/s, maximum altitude is 5500 m
Flange plugs: scope and design features
Flange plugs are structural elements designed mainly to cover all kinds of end openings of pipeline systems and highways
Ferrous sulfate: physical and chemical properties, production, application
Ferrous sulfate is a chemical compound that is extremely common in nature and widely used in various fields of economic activity. There are divalent and trivalent modifications of this substance. The first variety, also called ferrous sulfate, is an inorganic binary non-volatile compound having the formula FeSO4
Chlorogenic acid. Features and biochemical properties
From the point of view of organic chemistry, chlorogenic acid is a depside with caffeine esterified hydroxyl at the third carbon atom of quinic acid. Such a chemical compound is present in many plants, but it is in coffee beans that it is of greatest importance due to their extreme prevalence. They contain about seven percent chlorogenic acid
Types of knives - for war or for the kitchen
In this article you will learn about the different types of knives, understand what types of steel are used to make them. You will also be provided with information about the types of combat knives
"Lever-AB". The latest electronic warfare systems
Modern military equipment is impossible to imagine without a huge amount of electronic components. It is not surprising that their damage entails the inoperability of weapons. So the latest electronic warfare equipment, such as the AB Lever, is an essential component of any modern army
Su-47 "Berkut": photo, specifications. Why was the project closed?
Aircraft manufacturing, especially in the military sphere, we have always paid special attention to - the length of the borders is huge, and therefore there is no way without combat aviation. Even in the 1990s, this sphere managed to survive. Perhaps someone remembers the triumphant appearance of the S-37, which later turned into the Su-47 Berkut. The effect of its appearance was phenomenal, and the new technology aroused incredible interest not only in our country, but also abroad. Why did this happen?
Project 1144 heavy nuclear missile cruiser "Kirov" (photo)
The idea of creating large ocean-going vessels, the role of which would be powered by a nuclear reactor, has pursued scientists and engineers almost from the moment the first experiments in the field of atom splitting appeared
T-72B3 - what kind of animal? Specifications
In recent years, there have been many rumors about new modifications of the T-72 MBT, some of them frankly enthusiastic, and in another case it comes almost to outright abuse. And when at the end of 2013 it was decided to refuse to purchase T-72B3 for the needs of the army, this message had the effect of an exploding grenade
Wastewater treatment plant. Sewer collectors
Wastewater is one of the ills of the modern world. We produce so much sewage that in the absence of their treatment, half of the world would have every chance of turning into a real sewer
How was the Rostov NPP (Volgodonsk) built? Number of power units and commissioning date
Rostov region is the location of the Rostov nuclear power plant (Volgodonskaya is its first name). It stands 12 km from the city of Volgodonsk, near the Tsimlyansk reservoir. The first power unit delivers about 1 GWh of electricity to the grid. The launch of the next power unit took place in 2010. Now it is gradually reaching the planned performance
India, "Kudankulam" (NPP): description, history and features
The Kudankulam Nuclear Power Plant in India, which went into commercial operation on its first power unit on December 31, 2013, has been under design and construction for 26 years and has withstood a seven-month blockade by protesters to become the largest nuclear power plant in the country
Automation of control systems: levels, tools, features and applications
Automation of control systems, or ACS for short, is a set of devices that allows you to effectively and semi-automatically or fully automatically monitor the progress of the process. They are most widely used in industry
In which country are the largest TNCs in the world?
Trade originated in ancient times. With the development of mankind, practically nothing has changed, except, of course, the market for goods and services itself. If earlier production was based on a certain territory, now buying land from other countries for the construction of their own plants and factories is quite an ordinary phenomenon. This is being done (and quite actively) not only by European countries, but also by the Russian Federation. Actually, about which country the largest TNCs in the world will be discussed
Kronstadt Marine Plant - with confidence in the future
Kronstadt Marine Plant of the Russian Defense Ministry is the largest ship repair company in the North-West region of the Russian Federation. Among the main activities are ship maintenance, repair of gas turbines, diesel engines, metalworking, anti-corrosion protection of metal structures
Transmission of electricity from the power plant to the consumer
From the direct sources of generation to the consumer, electrical energy passes through many technological points. At the same time, the carriers themselves, as transport networks, are essential in this infrastructure. As a result, a multi-level and complex power transmission system is formed, in which the consumer is the final link
Soil categories: types and characteristics
Soil is a complex system of organic and inorganic matter that directly and indirectly supports plant and animal life. Composed of minerals, nutrients, water, microorganisms and decaying living matter that provide the necessary elements to support growth. Soils of different geographical areas differ in chemical composition, structure, pH value, texture and color. Soil is the backbone of an ecosystem
Belgorod Abrasive Plant: where is it located and what does it produce
The Belgorod region is famous not only for its developed urban infrastructure, but also for its powerful industry. One of the post-Soviet enterprises that were able to adapt to new market realities was the Belgorod Abrasive Plant. We will tell you about its location and products in our new material
Asph alt production: technology. asph alt concrete plant
Large-scale production of asph alt on the territory of the Russian Federation has been carried out since 2013. This year, it was decided to launch several government projects, which included the laying of new road routes, as well as the repair of old highways
Pharmacy - what is it?
Pharmaceuticals is an industry whose task is to mass-produce standardized medicines. It is a historical continuation of pharmacy. There is a significant difference between the two concepts and methods of obtaining drugs
Electroplating. Electroplating technology. Electroplating
Electroplating is a method of coating one metal with another by means of electrolysis. This procedure is carried out using traditional immersion methods
Production of medicines in Russia
The current situation with the drug production sector in the country. Analysis of the growth of the domestic market. How raw materials for drugs are obtained. Features of the manufacturing process of new substances, as well as a description of the three successive stages before industrial production. What are medicinal substances. The main types of drug production. Actual problems of the Russian pharmaceutical and drug industry