Industry 2024, June
Use of alkenes in industry
Alkenes are chemical substances of a hydrocarbon nature that have one double bond in their structure. The use of alkenes is typical for many areas of industry, as well as for the national economy. The main area of application of alkenes is their use as a raw material for the production of various chemical compounds
Delayed coking unit: project, operating principle, power calculation and raw materials
Delayed coking unit: principle of operation, raw materials and finished products. Description of different types of equipment. Schematic diagram of a two-block plant, main technological parameters. Design sequence and power calculation
Five-finger split leggings: review, specifications, manufacturer and reviews
Carrying out some types of work, a person needs reliable protection. One such type of work is welding. When performing this operation, the part of the body that needs the most protection is the hands. For this, split leggings are produced
Miatlinskaya HPP: description, history and interesting facts
Miatlinskaya HPP is located in Dagestan on the Sulak River. It is one of three stations that have an arch type dam, in particular, the station includes a diversion tunnel
Australia: industry and economy
The article is devoted to industry and agriculture in Australia. The branches that are actively developed by the state, as well as factors influencing economic activity are considered
ZRK "Krug": photo, combat use
The rapidly improving aircraft required the creation of mobile air defense systems to directly cover the ground forces from air attacks. This prompted the military complex of the Soviet Union to start developing mobile anti-aircraft missile systems, which resulted in the Krug air defense system, which was put into service in 1965
Short-range air defense system "Pine": performance characteristics, photo
With the development of air-military equipment, it became necessary to protect the personnel and weapons of the ground forces from a sudden attack by the enemy from the air. To this end, short-range anti-aircraft missile systems began to be adopted by the Russian army. Their main purpose is to protect units from attack by enemy aircraft in all types of combat, as well as on the march
AGS-40 "Balkan". Shooting chair saga
The domestic mounted grenade launcher AGS-40 "Balkan" (or 6G27 according to the GRAU Index) has been produced in Russia since 2008. Designed as a descendant weapon based on an experimental domestic development - the TKB-0134 "Kozlik" grenade launcher. This type of weapon is designed to destroy enemy manpower, infantry concentrations and damage telecommunications lines. It will be discussed in this article
Radar "Daryal" (radar station)
Radar "Daryal" - the most powerful radar in the world. At a distance of 6 thousand km, it is able to detect in outer space any object with a diameter of more than 20 cm. Developed back in 1968, the project has not lost its uniqueness even after half a century
US reconnaissance aircraft: description and photo
US reconnaissance aircraft - special purpose aircraft. Its features and capabilities will be discussed in this article
Modern jet aircraft. First jet aircraft
The country needed modern Soviet jet aircraft, not inferior, but superior to the world level. At the parade of 1946 in honor of the anniversary of October (Tushino), they had to be shown to the people and foreign guests
Cylinders with carbon dioxide: features, composition and volume
It is important to note that the storage of a fifty-liter cylinder is only allowed outside in a special cabinet, as well as with special markings. Since the containers are made of metal, their mass is quite large, even if they are empty. The weight of one empty cylinder is in the range from 4 to 22 kg and depends on the displacement
Votkinsk Engineering Plant: history, products, address
GPO Votkinsk Machine-Building Plant is a unique diversified enterprise producing a wide range of products. VZ is the largest manufacturer of Topol-M, Bulava, Yars missiles, which form the basis of the nuclear shield of the Russian Federation. In addition, machine tools, metal products, oil and gas equipment, various types of weapons and much more are manufactured here
Homogeneous armor in modern tanks: strength, ricochet
Homogeneous armor is a protective homogeneous layer of material that has increased strength and has a uniform chemical composition and the same properties throughout the entire cross section. It is this type of protection that will be discussed in the article
Tanks whose protection is active. Active tank armor: principle of operation. Invention of active armor
How did active tank armor come about? It was developed and implemented by Soviet weapon manufacturers. The concept of active protection of iron machines was first voiced in one of the Tula design bureaus, around 1950. The first complex of the innovative invention "Drozd" was installed on the T-55AD tank, which the army received in 1983
Arms factory named after Degtyarev
JSC "Plant named after V. A. Degtyarev" is one of the leaders in the Russian defense industry. It produces weapons for the fleet, ground forces, aviation, and special forces. The products of the enterprise are used by the armies of 17 countries of the world. The plant specializes in machine guns and rapid-fire cannons of various calibers, sniper systems, complex grenade launchers
Diesel operation principle: features, advantages and disadvantages
Diesel cars on our roads are by no means uncommon. In the countries of Western Europe, they are in the majority. Diesel engines have a number of advantages over gasoline engines. But at the same time, there are some drawbacks. What is this motor, what is the diesel device and the principle of operation? Consider in our today's article
Biodiesel fuel: properties, pros and cons
Biodiesel fuel has been around for a long time. However, not every person can explain what is the difference between conventional diesel fuel and biodiesel. This article will dispel myths and give a clear idea of the methods and stages of biodiesel synthesis, as well as its disadvantages and advantages
Trigger device: description and reviews
Trigger device: characteristics, types, features, operation, device. Trigger device: description, photo, reviews
Wheel excavator: overview, manufacturers, specifications
The article is about wheeled excavators. The features of models of this type from different manufacturers are considered, as well as recommendations for choosing
Trenche bucket excavator: description, application, photo
Today we will learn what a multi-bucket excavator is, and how it differs from the classic one-bucket
Engine "ZMZ-406 Turbo": description, specifications and reviews
Engine "ZMZ-406 turbo": specifications, features, tuning, operation. Engine "ZMZ-406 Turbo": description, photo, reviews
Structured cabling system (SCS) - what is it?
Many modern Russian enterprises are actively implementing structured cabling systems as an element of digital infrastructure modernization. SCS is considered by business participants as a tool to improve the efficiency of production processes and the profitability of the enterprise
Hydraulic shears - an indispensable tool in construction
If you decide to do construction or, conversely, the demolition of old structures made of concrete, panels or metal, hydraulic shears will become your reliable assistant. This device will greatly simplify your work
Mytishchi Engineering Plant: history, products
JSC Mytishchi Machine-Building Plant is one of the oldest machine-building industries in Russia. Initially, the profile of the enterprise was the manufacture of railway cars. During the Great Patriotic War, they set up the assembly of self-propelled guns, and after its completion - unique tracked chassis for special equipment and anti-aircraft installations. At the same time, dump trucks, tow trucks, bunker carriers, rolling stock for the metro were produced
Tuning shields: description, purpose. Horizontal drilling
Humanity has been successfully developing underground space for more than a century. We are talking not only about subways, which are present in all major cities of the world, but also about mine workings created for the extraction of minerals
Crane "Liebher": detailed description and specifications
Crane "Liebherr": a detailed description of the cranes of one of the most famous engineering companies. All technical characteristics of tower jib cranes are described
SMD engines: specifications, device, reviews
SMD engines are diesel engines. Their production was established back in 1958 at the Kharkov plant. Serial production engines of this brand were intended for use in agricultural machinery - tractors, combines, etc. However, in 2003, production was discontinued as the manufacturing plant closed
Crane-manipulator: main characteristics, types
Today, people operate a wide variety of types of equipment. One of these types was the crane-manipulator. There are several different models of this unit, each of which is used for its own purposes
What are chemical reactors? Types of chemical reactors
Chemical reactors are containers designed to carry out reactions in order to produce the final product. Their design depends on various factors and should provide maximum output in the most cost effective way
KrAZ plant: history, cars. Kremenchug Automobile Plant
The KrAZ plant produces heavy equipment, which is very popular not only in Ukraine, but also in other countries of the world. Trucks and chassis for special equipment coming off the assembly line of the enterprise are purchased by mining, logging, utilities and even the military
Segmented key: definition, features, GOST and interaction
Segmented keys, like any others, are used to connect the shaft and the hub in the nodes of the mechanisms for transmitting torque. A feature of such parts is that they give the most durable pairing of elements
Shaft alignment of electrical machines: features, fixture and device
Misalignment of machine rotors is a common defect that can be corrected. To do this, it is necessary to know the factors affecting it and the methods of shaft alignment. Shaft alignment is usually carried out by concentric and parallel installation of the end surfaces of the coupling halves using special devices
AGM technology in batteries
The article is devoted to AGM technology, which is used in batteries. Its features, pros and cons are considered
Electrical steel: production and application
The production of this type of steel occupies a leading position among other magnetic materials. Electrical steel is an alloy of iron with silicon, the proportion of which is from 0.5% to 5%
Electrical materials, their properties and applications
Efficient and durable operation of electrical machines and installations directly depends on the state of insulation, for which electrical materials are used. They are characterized by a set of certain properties when placed in an electromagnetic field, and are installed in devices taking into account these indicators
Copper radiators: overview, specifications, types, installation features and reviews
Copper radiators are appliances made of an amazing metal, it does not corrode, excludes the reproduction of microorganisms, and is also not afraid of chemical reactions
List of heavy metals: types and features
Of all the 104 chemical elements known to mankind today, 82 are metals. Metals occupy a prominent place in people's lives, playing both industrial, biological and environmental roles. Modern science divides metals into heavy, light and noble. In this article, we will look at the list of heavy metals and their features
Double-deck cars from the Tver Carriage Works are planned to be used on Russian railways
Russian-made double-deck cars were presented by the Tver Carriage Works (TVZ) back in 2009. The timing of the introduction of "giants" into mass operation is still vague. Russian Railways has already expressed its approval, and tests will show whether it is advisable to put double-deck cars into operation. They may be most in demand on routes from Moscow to St. Petersburg, Minsk, Kyiv, Bryansk, Kursk, Belgorod, Voronezh, Kostroma, Novgorod, Kazan
Cable lugs copper. What are they for, what are the features of this product?
An article about why copper cable lugs are used in modern conditions. What properties do these products have, what benefits can they bring in modern production? Can they be useful in everyday life, what function do the tips perform?
Crimping wires with sleeves
Now there is a huge amount of technology that allows you to quickly and reliably connect electrical wires and cables. Each of the methods has both pros and cons. Wires and cables are connected by welding or soldering. You can use twisting or fasten the conductors with terminal blocks, PPE. All of these methods are good and effective. But when you need to get a really high-quality connection, crimping the occasions will help
Industry of Latvia: textile, clothing, amber craft. Riga Carriage Works. Food industry enterprises
Latvian industry is a topic requiring special consideration. All its segments will be studied in this article
De-icing materials: production, characteristics, tests
De-icing materials are modern means that allow you to protect roads from ice and snow
Artificial diamond: name, production
Diamonds have attracted mankind since ancient times. The extraordinary beauty of these stones has led to their use to create various jewelry. However, later people discovered other useful properties of diamonds - their unique strength and hardness. To meet the needs of production, nature did not create much of this material, so people had the idea to make diamonds artificially
Diamond powder: production, GOST, application. diamond tool
Today, diamond powder is widely used. The main use of this raw material is the manufacture of tools for stone processing. In addition, it is worth noting that the development of technology has made it possible to obtain powder not only from natural substances, but also from synthetic ones
What is abrasive dust?
The article is devoted to abrasive dust. The features of the material, its characteristics, as well as methods for removing
Production infrastructure: definition, organization methods, types, structure
The pace of economic development of modern countries is increasingly dependent on the structural structure of the national economy. The progressive development of social production cannot do without highly developed logistics with the effective functioning of all its components that also affect the sphere of management. The framework of this system is based on the production infrastructure (PI) as a whole, which determines the potential with resource funds for the economic development of the country
Surface grinder: specifications
Surface grinding machine is a modern equipment used for finishing workpieces. As a working tool in such units, special abrasive wheels are used that remove unnecessary layers from parts
Installation of the cable line. Methods for laying cable lines
The article is devoted to the installation of cable lines. The most common ways of laying such lines are considered
Fuel briquettes - an alternative source of heat
Humanity, trying to solve the energy problem, is looking for and finding alternative sources of heat. One of them is woodworking and agricultural waste packed in fuel briquettes
Military-industrial complex, enterprises in Russia: placement features and description
All military-industrial complex enterprises together make up a complex system that ensures the defense capability of a huge country. The complex includes all institutions, organizations and industries involved in various stages of the production of final products - from the development and extraction of special raw materials to the assembly of equipment and machines
Chloroacetic acid: preparation and chemical properties
Chloroacetic acid is an extremely dangerous substance. Inhalation of its vapors can lead to severe damage to the lungs and respiratory tract
Shaft furnace: device. Industrial ovens
The article is devoted to industrial shaft-type furnaces. The device of such units, their features, varieties, etc. are considered
Artillery "Peony". SAU 2S7 "Pion" 203 mm - self-propelled gun
Already after the Winter War of 1939, it became completely clear that the troops were in dire need of powerful self-propelled guns that could, under their own power, cross rough terrain to the enemy’s deployment points and immediately begin to destroy the fortified areas of the latter. The Second World War finally confirmed this conjecture
V-belt: device and application
V-belt is the main connecting device used in the manufacture of various types of machine tools, mechanisms and machines with moving components. This tool transmits the inertial rotational movements of the engine (or any other mechanism) and brings them into final contact. At the same time, V-belts bypass the corresponding pulleys during operation and transmission of forces from one mechanism to another
Pig iron: specifications
Currently, the industry uses a wide variety of products, processing which, you can get high-quality material. However, some of the substances are obtained through several processings. Pig iron is one example of an intermediate raw material
Hacksaw blade: photo, GOST, thickness
Today, almost every good owner has a hacksaw. It happens that you need to cut off a piece of pipe or cut a bolt that is too long, for example. However, in order for the hacksaw to cope with its tasks, it is necessary to carefully select the metal blade, which is the main part of this tool
Ductile iron: properties, marking and scope
Cast iron is a hard, corrosion-resistant, but brittle iron-carbon alloy with carbon content C ranging from 2.14 to 6.67%. Despite the presence of characteristic shortcomings, it has a variety of types, properties, applications. Ductile iron is widely used
Where is the rocker mechanism used?
In our age of technology and technology, many people do not even think about how and what works. However, many mechanisms have a fairly simple procedure, and some of them can be repaired on their own. For example, the rocker mechanism, or rather, its variety is widely used in cars, and with knowledge it can be repaired manually
VMGZ oil: characteristics, advantages, selection criteria
The article provides manufacturers' recommendations for the use of off-season hydraulic thickened oil and a table of technical characteristics. The consequences of using a low-quality product and the rules for choosing VMGZ are described
Features of hydraulic oils. How to choose them correctly?
An article about what characteristics different brands of hydraulic oils can have. What is important to know when choosing the appropriate composition for a particular equipment? Should manufacturers be listened to when they make recommendations and set their own requirements?
Anti-corrosion protection: description, features, types and reviews
Protection of materials from rust damage is a mandatory measure before the introduction of structures and individual parts into operation. The development of corrosion often not only damages metal surfaces, but also negatively affects the properties of adjacent materials - plastic or wood. Often, even at the stage of factory production, a method is selected by which this kind of protection will be performed. The anti-corrosion shell can also be formed at home
Factories in Moscow. Industrial enterprises of the city
List of factories in Moscow, divided into business segments. The most significant Moscow enterprises. Head offices of the most important Russian holdings located in Moscow. Moscow Concrete Plants. Plants "Kristall", "Renault Russia", "Hammer and Sickle"
What is milk made of? How is milk powder made?
Surely everyone is concerned about the question of what milk is made of. In this article we will try to find answers to it and learn a lot about this product familiar from childhood
Coolants: specifications and reviews
The article is devoted to cutting fluids. The characteristics, varieties, performance properties and reviews of the manufacturers of such products are considered
Glass-filled polyamide: description, benefits, characteristics
Glass-filled polyamide allowed to obtain a material that has better performance characteristics. However, this substance has somewhat deteriorated such indicators as abrasion resistance and elasticity
Iron casting technology
A brief review and description of the technology of casting iron products. Methods, methods and applications of cast iron parts
Sheet metal cutting: description, types. metal bending
Today, sheet metal cutting is one of the fairly common technological processes that allows you to get blanks of the desired size and shape. However, there are many methods for performing this procedure and a wide variety of equipment
Differential pressure gauge: principle of operation, types and types. How to choose a differential pressure gauge
The article is devoted to differential pressure gauges. The types of devices, the principles of their operation and technical features are considered
Classification of machines: types, application, device
Classification of machines: types, design features, pros and cons, photos. Classification of grinding, metal-cutting and milling machines: device, purpose, application. Classification of machine tools for metal: description, characteristics
Car polishing machine: choosing as easy as going for bread
Choosing a car polisher is as easy as buying bread at the grocery store, if you remember a couple of simple rules. The main difference between expensive professional models and household appliances is that the former wear out more slowly and are designed for long-term work with heavy loads, while the latter will quickly fail during long-term operation
Isolation valves are an important part of pipeline fittings
Any piping system must work properly. Shut-off valves are used to prevent undesirable situations and timely control the pressure of the transported flows of liquids or gases
Clutch flywheel: description, types, purpose and principle of operation
Everyone knows that the main task of an engine is to convert energy into torque. Its transmission is carried out through a special flywheel of the clutch disc. This node is available in any car. How is it arranged and functioning? All this and more - further in our article
How is biological wastewater treatment different?
In this article, we will consider in more detail such an issue as biological wastewater treatment, today it is the most popular and at the same time effective
Horizontal sand trap: device, features and diagram
Horizontal sand trap is one of the varieties of devices that is designed to separate mineral impurities from waste water. Such a procedure is necessary, as it helps to improve the performance of facilities that are engaged in subsequent water treatment
Icebreaker "Kapitan Khlebnikov": rounding Greenland
The icebreaker "Kapitan Khlebnikov" became the first ship to circumnavigate Antarctica with passengers on board. And here is a new journey. Now to the Arctic. And the next most important task is to go around Greenland
Alloy metals: description, list and application features
Development is identified with improvement. Improving industrial and domestic capabilities is carried out through the use of materials with progressive characteristics. These are, in particular, alloyed metals. Their diversity is determined by the possibility of correcting the quantitative and qualitative composition of alloying elements
Micrometer - what is it? The device and the price of the micrometer. How to measure with a micrometer
In some cases, during the measurement of objects, high accuracy of results is required, which cannot be obtained using a conventional ruler. In such situations, special micrometric instruments are used. What is a micrometer and how it is used is described in this article
Electric separator. Specifications, reviews of popular models
Many villagers keep cattle on their farms. Here, milk is a hot commodity. It is bought by summer residents, townspeople and fellow villagers. In summer and spring, milk yields increase, it should be processed into products with a longer shelf life: butter and cream. For this purpose, villagers use an electric milk separator (or manual). This will be discussed in this article
Vladimir Chemical Plant: history, description, products
JSC "Vladimir Chemical Plant" is a large enterprise of the chemical industry, located in the city of Vladimir. The production is focused on the production of PVC cables, vinyl plastic, granular and sheet non-plasticized materials. The team has been repeatedly awarded with memorable awards for labor achievements
Rolling machines: overview, types, characteristics
Currently, metal products occupy a huge niche in people's lives. From the smallest metal products to large building materials. However, to obtain high-quality metal, it is necessary to have high-quality equipment that produces it. Rolling machines are exactly what you need to get good steel and metal
Coal: properties. Hard coal: origin, production, price
Since ancient times, mankind has been using coal as one of the sources of energy. And today this mineral is used quite widely
Propylene glycol - what is it? Chemical properties, application
Propylene glycol - what is it? Composition of the molecule, structure, physical and chemical properties of matter. The use of propylene glycol in the industry: food, cosmetics. Application for technical purposes, in medicine
Drying cabinet as a universal device for laboratories
The drying cabinet is a laboratory electrical equipment used for the drying process of various products and materials. On the market, you can be offered a huge selection of drying cabinets from various manufacturers, differing in purpose, price, and also in a set of designs. Absolutely all cabinets are released depending on the working environment inside the product in two versions: with stainless steel and with a steel chamber
List of the largest hydroelectric power plants in Russia
Russia, which has vast territories and a large supply of hydropower generated by the flow of numerous rivers, is today one of the leaders among powerful hydroelectric power plants
Corvette project 20385 "Thundering": specifications and photos. Corvette "Agile"
Project 20385 "Thundering" corvette: description, specifications, purpose, comparison. Corvettes "Thundering" and "Agile": overview, parameters, photos
6th generation fighter. Jet fighter: photos and specifications
Which country will take the lead in the development of the 6th generation fighter? What are the chances of Russian aircraft designers?
Pipe bending: technology description, features and methods
A plastic pipe is a PVC product with a reinforcing layer inside. Thanks to the rapid development of modern technology, such materials quickly replaced heavy and bulky cast iron pipes from the construction industry. Therefore, at home, when arranging underfloor heating and installing a water supply system, the question often arises of how to bend pipes. You will find a description of the technology, features and methods of working with PVC pipes in our article
Aluminum grades: types, properties and applications
Today, aluminum is used in almost all industries, from the production of food utensils to the creation of spacecraft fuselages. For certain production processes, only certain grades of aluminum are suitable, which have certain physical and chemical properties
Technological pipelines: installation, recommendations and operating rules
A significant amount of construction of the main facilities in the oil refining, metallurgical, food industries is given to the arrangement of technological pipelines
Types and diameters of metal pipes. Metal pipes of large diameters
Steel pipe is a cylindrical tube and is the most used product in the steel industry. The main use of steel pipes is to transport oil, gas and water over long distances. In household appliances, such as refrigerators, ordinary steel pipes are used, as well as in heating and water supply systems
All about C345 steel
As it turned out, if you are faced with the need to quickly familiarize yourself with the main characteristics of a particular steel, there are only a couple of articles on our vast Internet in which the information you need will be described in an easy-to-understand language. With this article, we will try to tip the scales towards simplicity and accessibility. It will focus on steel C345
Pre-insulated pipe: description, characteristics, application, photo
Pre-insulated pipes are often used in our country for the assembly of pipelines intended for the transportation of oil and gas. Also, such products can be used for the installation of centralized heating household networks and water pipes
Submarine "Shark". Former power of the Soviet Union
In all the deep waters of the globe, submarine wars were fought. The only exception was the Arctic Ocean, which, with its unpredictable ice, made it difficult to turn around in full force. In the assault on the North Pole, we won. It was for waters with such a temperature that the Shark submarine was created
What is rubber: what is it made of, applications
Rubber is a well-known material that is used in almost all spheres of human life. Medicine, agriculture, industry cannot do without this polymer. Many manufacturing processes also use rubber. What this material is made of and what are its features are described in the article
Galvanic galvanizing of metal: technology, equipment
Galvanizing is effective and inexpensive, and therefore the most common way to protect ferrous metals from corrosion both in industry and at home
"Admiral Lazarev", nuclear cruiser: history and characteristics
"Admiral Lazarev" is the second of a series of highly autonomous heavy nuclear cruisers that have no analogues in the world today. Project 1144 TARKs were the first and only nuclear-powered surface ships of the Soviet and later Russian navy
Textolite - what is it? Properties and characteristics
An article about what constitutes a material known as "textolite". What is it for, what does it consist of, what are its characteristics?
The density of wood, the characteristics of this material and its features
Why do you need to know the density of a tree, what is the significance of this characteristic? An article about what parameters a tree of a particular breed can have, how the density of a product can be calculated. Under what conditions are characteristics determined?
Automation of technological processes and production: features
An article about how automation of technological processes and production can be organized, what are its features. What problems can an entrepreneur face, what needs to be done to achieve maximum results in this direction?