Industry 2024, June
Types of welding and their features
The article talks about what types of welding exist, how they differ from each other. What is the feature of this process in general? What are the classifications?
Wood planing: types, equipment and process technology
Wood planing is one of the types of processing of this material. This operation can be carried out both manually and on machines. It is important to understand that with the help of planing, any wood blank takes the desired shape and shape
Concorde - the plane of the future?
Despite the fact that since 2003 there have been no flights of passenger supersonic liners, this does not mean that the Concorde is the plane of the past. The main reasons why flights were canceled were excessive fuel consumption, high noise levels, safety issues
Description of the destroyer "Fast" (photo)
The ship destroyer "Fast" was built at the Zhdanov shipyard (SWZ) according to project 956 "Sarych"
Airbus A320 is an alternative to Boeing 737
Airbus A320 was produced about four thousand, and most of them are now in the air, they are rare. Orders for Airbus A320 amount to another two thousand copies
Cargo ships and their classification
Any domestic classification of ships is based primarily on their purpose. Cargo ships are classified in the same way. Civilians are subdivided into fishing, transport, belonging to the technical fleet and service and support
Coal - processing yesterday, today and tomorrow
Once Mendeleev said that drowning with oil is like throwing banknotes into the furnace. But the same can be said about coal. Recycling reduces the burden on the environment and practically eliminates sulfur-containing harmful impurities from coal. But not only … Let's consider the main methods and processes of coal processing, as well as the result and the products obtained from it
Wooden power line poles: production, weight, service life, installation rules
The article is devoted to wooden poles for power lines. The manufacturing technology of such pillars, dimensions, installation, etc. are considered
VL-80 electric locomotive: specifications, distribution and operation
The VL-80 electric locomotive is a commercial locomotive widely used on the domestic railroad. About him and burn in more detail in the article
Rebar classes: general information
Reinforcement is an important component of reinforced concrete structures, designed to accept heavy loads. It can be said that the reliability and performance of structures largely depend on the strength and endurance of these steel rods. Reinforcement classes reflect mechanical, chemical and physical properties, rolling technology, post-rolling treatment methods, corrosion resistance, as well as a number of other parameters of these load-bearing elements of any modern structure
Reinforcing steel: brand, GOST, strength class. Steel reinforcement
The article will tell you what reinforcing steel is, what it is, what GOSTs regulate its parameters
Mine sea (photo)
A sea mine is a self-sufficient explosive device placed in the water to damage or destroy the hulls of ships, submarines, ferries, boats and other watercraft. Unlike depth charges, mines are in a "sleeping" position until they make contact with the ship's side. Naval mines can be used both to inflict direct damage to the enemy, and to impede his movements in strategic directions
Plates: production, materials, quality
Signs help to navigate in the city, on the road, in the institution. Production takes various times, which depend on the desired quality, materials and dimensions
B altic Shipyard: history of foundation, address, products, photos
B altic Shipyard is one of the oldest enterprises in the industry. The company is part of the United Shipbuilding Corporation. The plant produces products, many samples of which have no equal in the world. A recent achievement is a floating nuclear power plant. The staff of the enterprise left a lot of feedback about their work and working conditions
Water intake facilities from underground sources
Water intake facilities are being built to receive water from surface sources and deep layers. They are located on the banks of reservoirs, rivers, lakes. For industrial purposes, facilities are used on the shores of the seas with subsequent supply to a pressure pipeline
Port crane: purpose, description, modifications
A harbor crane is a large-sized hoisting mechanism that is actively used in our time. We will talk about it in the article
Protective materials: types, properties and applications
Today, people actively use a wide variety of devices, devices, etc. All this is made of parts that sooner or later become unusable, due to which the equipment stops working normally. To delay this moment as much as possible, protective materials are used
Diesel gun: reviews and selection criteria. Diesel gun of indirect heating: technical characteristics
The diesel heat gun is ideal for quickly heating a construction site, agricultural, warehouse or industrial premises. Since its operation is carried out on diesel fuel, it consumes electricity exclusively for the operation of automation and a fan. As the main advantages of such a technological solution, one can name a relatively high thermal power with rather small dimensions
Typhoon fighter: specifications and photos
Since the Second World War and Vietnam, it has become obvious that it is very difficult to win an armed confrontation without air support. All recent years have been marked by the rapid development of attack and fighter aircraft, and the industry is attracting more and more new scientific developments for this
Fish shop: organization of work, equipment
The article describes how to set up a fish shop. After all, this type of activity requires a lot of knowledge. To run a profitable production, it is necessary that each specialist perform duties in a separate zone
Comparison of the best aircraft (5th generation). 5th generation aircraft
5th generation aircraft are three world-famous models: the Russian T-50, the American F-22 (Raptor) and the Chinese J-20 (Black Eagle). It is these countries that, in the event of any serious global situations, will be able to influence the geopolitical situation in the world. Which model is better and who will be able to capture the airspace?
Modern Russian fighters: characteristics (photo)
Since the time when aviation found its use on the battlefield, its role in combat operations has become clear, especially at the present time, when Russian fighters have more and more advanced and powerful means for combat
Polyester resins: production and handling
Polyester resins are substances that are often used to make composite materials. They are non-toxic, but in some cases release styrene during curing
Kolomensky Heavy Machine Tool Plant
Kolomensky Heavy Machine Tool Plant (Kolomna) is Russia's leading manufacturer of presses and machine tools for various purposes. Included in the structure of the production center "Stankotekh"
Are maglev trains the transport of the future? How does a maglev train work?
More than two hundred years have passed since the moment when mankind invented the first steam locomotives. However, until now, rail ground transport, carrying passengers and heavy loads using the power of electricity and diesel fuel, is very common
OAO Okskaya Shipyard: history, description, products
JSC Okskaya Shipyard is a shipbuilding company in the Nizhny Novgorod region, located near the city of Navashino. It specializes in the assembly of oil tankers of the "river-sea" class, medium-tonnage vessels, tugs, patrol boats, bulk carriers, bunkerers, road floating bridges
Welding of ultrasonic plastics, plastics, metals, polymeric materials, aluminum profiles. Ultrasonic welding: technology, harmful factors
Ultrasonic welding of metals is a process during which a permanent joint is obtained in the solid phase. The formation of juvenile areas (in which bonds are formed) and the contact between them occur under the influence of a special tool
Perforated metal pipe: types, description and application features
The article is devoted to perforated metal pipes. The features of such products, varieties and scopes of application are considered
Deciphering the armored personnel carrier - "armored" or is it still a "transporter"?
Many are interested in the question of how to translate the APC spelling. The confusion often arises from the fact that only two words are indicated by three capital letters. Deciphering the abbreviation BTR looks like "armored transporter"
T-99 "Priority" or T-14 "Armata"
In modern local wars, the maneuverability of a tank and the availability of modern surveillance and communication systems are very important, since the main enemy is usually not tanks. and mobile infantry formations with light anti-tank weapons. The requirements for crew survival are also increasing. All these requirements are met by the latest Russian tank T-99 "Priority" or T-14 "Armata"
GTT all-terrain vehicle: history of creation and development
The GTT tracked all-terrain vehicle, due to its high cross-country ability and reliability, has become an indispensable tractor in the Soviet Army. Thanks to a reliable design, the modernized machine is still produced today
Irbit Motor Plant: history, products
The Irbit Motorcycle Plant is the only enterprise in the world for the large-scale production of heavy sidecar motorcycles. The Ural brand has become synonymous with high cross-country ability, mobility and decent quality. 99% of products are exported. Surprisingly, the Ural model has become a cult model in the USA, Australia, Canada on a par with Harley-Davidson, Brough and Indian
Marine engines: types, characteristics, description. Ship engine diagram
Marine engines are quite different in terms of parameters. In order to understand this issue, it is necessary to consider the characteristics of some modifications. You should also familiarize yourself with the diagram of the marine engine
Riveted connections: advantages and disadvantages
Riveted joints are made from special parts. Such a fixed bond is difficult to separate. Rivets themselves are made of plastic material. Rivet joints consist of three elements - two parts of the parts to be joined and a rivet. The last element is placed in special holes, which are located at the edges of the parts to be joined. The rivet holds the part in the required position
The most powerful engine in the world. Engine production
Shipping companies sometimes order such powerful machines as supertankers and container ships. They require ever stronger installations, among which is (and occupies the most important place) the motor. The most powerful engine in the world is currently manufactured in Finland by a company called Wartsila. This is a diesel internal combustion unit, the power of which is up to 100,000 kW
Israeli tanks: "Merkava MK.4", "Mage 3", "Sabra"
In this article, let's talk about weapons. Let's analyze in detail the five models of the most common Israeli tanks, consider their combat characteristics and use
3M aircraft: history of creation and development, specifications
Aircraft 3M - Myasishchev's strategic bomber, which served in the USSR Air Force for over 40 years. Today we will learn how this legendary machine was created and developed
Anthracite (hard coal): characteristics and mining sites
Anthracite is a kind of high quality fossil coal. It is characterized by a high level of metamorphism (degrees of solid-phase and structural mineral change). More on this later
Oil is a mineral. Oil deposits. Oil production
Oil is one of the world's most important minerals (hydrocarbon fuel). It is a raw material for the production of fuels, lubricants and other materials
Leather production: history, description and applied technologies
Leather production today is well developed both in Russia and in the world. The products of such factories are supplied to light industry enterprises, where clothes, shoes and accessories are made from it, which are very popular among the population
Vankor field: development history, description, oil and gas reserves
The Vankor oil and gas field is one of the jewels in the crown of the Russian oil industry. Its development began relatively recently, and hydrocarbon reserves are huge
Organizational structure of Russian Railways. Scheme of the management structure of Russian Railways. Structure of Russian Railways and its divisions
The structure of Russian Railways, in addition to the management apparatus, includes various dependent divisions, representative offices in other countries, as well as branches and subsidiaries. The head office of the company is located at: Moscow, st. New Basmannaya d 2
Mineral glass and products from it
Mineral glass is quartz sand of natural origin in molten form, which includes various additives. It has properties such as radiation resistance and strength, abrasion resistance, as well as excellent optical qualities
What is rubber vulcanization?
Synthetic or natural substance with elasticity properties, electrical insulating characteristics and water resistance is called rubber. Vulcanization of such a substance by carrying out reactions involving certain chemical elements or under the influence of ionizing radiation leads to the formation of rubber
Frequency converters: features of using and choosing a device
Frequency converters make it possible to get exactly the flow of electricity that is needed for your equipment
Marking of bronze: characteristics, properties and scope
Due to its decorative features and many other properties, bronze has become popular. It is very difficult even for connoisseurs to name all the impurities and additives that are present in bronze alloys. This article will focus on bronze and its marking
Description of poured asph alt technology
What is poured asph alt? How is it produced, what is included in the components and where is it used? All these questions will be answered by this article
Asph alt density. Asph alt composition, GOST, grades, characteristics
The density of asph alt is 1.1 g/cm³. The melting point can vary from 20 to 100 °C. The composition contains oil in a volume of 25 to 40%, as well as a resinous-asph altene substance, which can be contained in a volume of 60 to 75%
Steel R6M5: characteristics, application
The alloy of an element of the eighth group of the periodic system of Mendeleev with atomic number 26 (iron) with carbon and some other elements is commonly called steel. It has high strength and hardness, devoid of plasticity and viscosity due to carbon. Alloying elements increase the positive characteristics of the alloy. However, steel is considered to be a metallic material that contains at least 45% iron
Synthetic gasoline: description, characteristics, performance, production methods
Science and progress allow you to create things that have never been seen before, which many could not even think of. Take, for example, such a relatively new development as synthetic gasoline. Many people know that this fuel is obtained by distillation from oil. But it can also be synthesized from coal, wood, natural gas. The production of synthetic gasoline, although it cannot fully replace the conventional route of production, still deserves to be studied
What is surface hardening of steel? What is surface hardening used for?
The present article is addressed to people who are far from metallurgy, amateurs who are interested in how strength differs from a good blade in an ordinary table or folding knife, surface hardening from bulk hardening, and similar issues
Cleaning oil storage tanks: instructions
The article is devoted to the cleaning of oil storage tanks. The instruction for the phased implementation of this work is considered
Types of metal cutting: an overview of modern technologies and equipment
One of the most common metalworking operations is cutting. It is a technological process during which a sheet or billet is divided into parts of the desired format. Modern types of metal cutting allow this operation to be performed with high accuracy and a minimum amount of scrap
Tanks for storing oil and oil products: classification, varieties, sizes
Modern refineries and fuel-producing enterprises actively use special tanks for storing oil and oil products. It is these containers that provide quantitative and qualitative safety. After reading this article, you will learn about the existing varieties of such storages
The main types of machine tools in production
The article is devoted to production machines. The most popular types of such equipment, their features, etc. are considered
What is a lathe chuck?
The rapid development of the metalworking industry is hardly imagined without the constant improvement of the machine tools used. After all, the tools used depend on how quickly the parts will be sharpened, the quality of the finished product and the observance of geometry
Machine for metal processing: device, principle of operation, specifications
Metalworking machine is an equipment that today has many types, and is also the most widely used. Such a distribution of these units was due to the fact that today people produce a huge number of things from metal. And for successful work, raw materials must be processed correctly
Lathes 1K62: device, characteristics, repair and operation
1K62 lathes are reliable and productive devices designed mainly for use in individual and small-scale production. They can be used for processing parts made of various structural materials: non-ferrous and ferrous metals, cast iron, etc
Magnetic flaw detectors: device and application. Unbrakable control
The article is devoted to magnetic flaw detectors. The device of devices, varieties, as well as the technology of application are considered
Sheet stamping of parts: technologies and features of the process
The article is devoted to sheet metal stamping. The features of this process, the advantages of the technology, the equipment used, etc. are considered
Stamping is a metalworking process. Types of stamping and equipment
The technological process in which workpieces are processed, which makes it possible to obtain flat or voluminous finished products of various shapes and sizes, is stamping. The working tool for this purpose is a stamp, which is fixed on a press or other equipment. Stamping is two types of technology that, depending on the conditions, are performed in a hot or cold way, and therefore both equipment and technological standards differ from each other
Steel burnishing
What is steel bluing? What is this process for? What are known methods of bluing? Is it possible to crow at home?
Cold workshop: description, characteristics. Organization of the work of the cold shop
In restaurants, cafes, canteens with a workshop production structure, special rooms are allocated for the preparation of hot and cold dishes. At low-capacity enterprises, separate places are created for these purposes in the general production space
Mutnovskaya GeoPP is the largest geothermal power plant in Russia
Mutnovskaya GeoPP is the most important facility for the country, commissioned in the early 2000s. A third of all electricity currently consumed in Kamchatka is supplied to the peninsula's system by this particular station
Solid-state laser: principle of operation, application
This article shows what are the sources of monochromatic radiation and what advantages a solid-state laser has over other types. Here it is described how the generation of coherent radiation occurs, why the pulsed device is more powerful, why engraving is needed. It also discusses the three mandatory elements of the laser and the principle of its operation
Aluminum (sulfate, or sulfate) - a brief description, areas of use
Aluminum sulfate (colloquial, correctly - aluminum sulfate) is a complex inorganic substance. It is white s alt with a characteristic bluish tint (let's say pink). The crystalline hydrate is colorless. Hygroscopic. Dissolves fairly quickly in water
Steel: composition, properties, types and applications. Composition of stainless steel
Today, steel is used in the vast majority of industries. However, not everyone knows that the composition of steel, its properties, types and applications are very different from the production process of this product
Heat treatment of alloys. Types of heat treatment
Heat treatment of alloys is an integral part of the production process of ferrous and non-ferrous metallurgy. As a result of this procedure, metals are able to change their characteristics to the required values. In this article, we will consider the main types of heat treatment used in modern industry
Gas corrosion: definition, features and ways to solve the problem
Many industries and construction use technological methods involving gas mixtures. This can be, for example, the processing of parts under propane burners or the formation of protective environments during welding to isolate the workpiece from oxygen. Under certain conditions, such processes can provoke gas corrosion - in particular, at elevated temperature or pressure
Oxygen converter: device and steelmaking technology
In the processes of obtaining high-strength steels, alloying operations and modification of the base composition play an important role. The basis of such procedures is the technique of adding metal impurities of various properties, but gas-air regulation is also of no small importance. It is this technological operation that focuses on the operation of the oxygen converter, which is widely used in metallurgy in the production of steel alloys in large volumes
What types of steel exist and how to process it
Without the discovery of steel, its properties and processing methods, modern civilization would not exist. Since ancient times, some types of steel have been known that were used for the production of weapons and tools. With the development of metallurgy and metalworking technology, this material began to be used in almost any field of human activity
What is an electrical substation? Electrical substations and switchgear
Trams and trolleybuses require voltage not alternating, but constant. This means that a separate very powerful substation is needed. Electrical energy is converted on it, that is, it is rectified
Oil pumping station: design, equipment
The article is devoted to oil pumping stations. Consideration was given to carrying out design work for stations, technological equipment, etc
Steel St3sp: decoding, composition, application
Steel St3sp or any other is an alloy that consists of components such as carbon, iron, impurities. It is important to know here that the amount of iron should be at least 45%
Gas pumping units: description, device, principle of operation, reviews
From primary production to direct use, gas mixtures go through several technological stages. To optimize transportation and intermediate storage between these processes, the raw material is subjected to compressor compression. Technically, similar tasks are implemented by gas compressor units (GPU) at different nodes of backbone networks
Utilization of oil sludge, removal and processing of oily waste
Oil refineries strive to optimize their technological processes as much as possible, reducing the volume of unused production products. But the thinner and deeper the processing of petroleum feedstock, the more dangerous the waste produced, which cannot be eliminated without third-party methods. One of the areas of recycling can be called the disposal of oil sludge as one of the most dangerous types of oily waste
"Browning M1918": description, specifications and reviews
Browning M1918 BAR: description, features, application, design. Browning M1918: characteristics, reviews, photos. Combat revolver FN Browning: options
Browning machine gun: description, characteristics, photo
The Browning heavy machine gun is one of the few small guns that remains in service with the US Army to this day, having undergone minor modifications. It will be discussed in this article
Steel 40x13: characteristics, application, reviews
Today, the variety of brands has become enormous. This is mainly due to the fact that it is, in principle, unrealistic to create an alloy that will be ideally suited for any purpose. Therefore, each material is prepared for specific purposes
Igneous rocks: list, mining methods, application
Igneous (igneous) rocks owe their formation to magma, after it erupted from the bowels of the Earth, cooled and solidified. They represent the earth's crust by 90 percent or more. And the entire earth's surface is sedimentary and igneous rocks. Into the depths of the Earth extend almost 15 km
Building minerals. Mining methods
Organic and mineral formations of the earth's crust are minerals. In most cases, the chemical composition, as well as physical properties, allow them to be used in production
Combat helicopter Mi-35M: history, description and characteristics
Mi-35M is an export version of the Russian Mi-24VM combat helicopter, which is a modification of the famous Soviet rotorcraft. Soviet pilots called it a "flying tank" by analogy with the Il-2 attack aircraft known during the Second World War
Three-phase network: power calculation, connection diagram
When properly designed and maintained, a three-phase network is ideal for a private home. It allows you to evenly distribute the load across the phases and connect additional power consumers, if the wiring section allows
How to cook stainless steel? Welding technology, equipment
How to cook stainless steel is a rather relevant question for modern industry. It is worth noting that this type of steel is a fairly durable material, so its processing has certain nuances. The choice of welding method depends on the thickness of the workpieces and on the chemical composition
Casting in silicone mold: equipment. Vacuum casting in silicone molds
For the manufacture of a small number of plastic blanks, vacuum casting into silicone molds is most often used. This method is quite economical (making a metal mold requires more time and money). In addition, silicone molds are used repeatedly, and this also significantly reduces the cost of production
Production of insulin in Russia
The current situation with the production of insulin in Russia and the possibility of replacing import supplies of the drug. Description of recent developments in the domestic industry and planned progress. Technologies for the production of insulin in Russia and product quality control. Advantages and features of the domestic production of the drug. Types of insulin that are planned to be manufactured on an industrial scale. The future of Russian production of this drug
Thermal conductivity of concrete: features, coefficient and table
The thermal conductivity of concrete is determined by special formulas. For different types of material, this indicator may be different. Lightweight concrete retains heat better, heavy concrete worse
Reviews: Yamal LNG, Russian gas company
Reviews about Yamal LNG and the construction process of the complex were spoken with admiration, and now, after loading and sending the first tanker with liquefied gas to consumers, enthusiastic impressions go off scale. The Russian gas company Yamal LNG has done the impossible - cut a window from the harsh Arctic latitudes of Russia to the Asia-Pacific region and Europe
SAU "Acacia". Self-propelled howitzer 2S3 "Acacia": specifications and photos
"Acacia" - 152-mm self-propelled howitzer (GABTU index - object 303). Developed by a team of designers of the Ural Transport Engineering Plant under the leadership of F.F. Petrov and G.S. Efimov. SAU 2S3 "Acacia" is designed to destroy and suppress mortar and artillery batteries, enemy manpower, fire weapons, tanks, rocket launchers, tactical nuclear weapons, command posts and other
Fluxed wire: types, selection, specifications, nuances of welding work and application features
Today, there are many welding technologies. Each of them has its own specifics and advantages, and therefore is used only in certain conditions. At present, automatic welding with flux-cored wire is quite often used
Additives "Suprotek" for manual transmission. Why choose them?
To increase the durability of the gearbox, drivers use various methods - regularly carry out maintenance or operate their "iron horse" in a gentle mode. But the most effective way of protection is the use of special compositions "Suprotek" for manual transmission, which are special tribotechnical compositions
Leading producers of Orel and the Oryol region
Industry of the Oryol region is mainly represented by six industries: food, construction, textile, machine building, metallurgical and electrical engineering. The largest manufacturing plants in Orel and the Oryol region are Gamma, Dormash, Proton-Electrotex, Oryol Steel Rolling Plant, Oreltekmash and others
Arzamas Engineering Plant: history, description, products
JSC "Arzamas Machine-Building Plant" (AMZ) occupies a unique position among all enterprises of the defense sector of the country. This is the only large-scale production of wheeled armored personnel carriers of all stripes in the Russian Federation. Its workshops produce both the legendary BTR-80, which is the shield and sword of motorized rifle units, and ultra-modern armored off-road vehicles of the Tiger class. In general, the model range includes dozens of modifications of the most diverse military and fire vehicles
Four-stroke engine duty cycle - features, diagram and description
Car enthusiasts need to know how an engine works and works. Most cars have a four-stroke, four-cylinder engine. Let's look at the duty cycle of a four-stroke engine. Not everyone knows what processes occur when the car is in motion
Gorky Automobile Plant (GAZ): the history of the plant and cars, features and interesting facts
Among Russian cities there are many whose history is inextricably linked with the functioning of large automobile enterprises. These are, for example, Naberezhnye Chelny and Tolyatti. Nizhny Novgorod is also on this list. The Gorky Automobile Plant (GAZ) is located here
Casting mold: features, technology, types
One of the most important processes in the industry is the process of casting various parts, raw materials and other things. However, in order to successfully produce the desired thing, it is necessary to make a mold for it, which largely determines the final result
Spring steel: description, characteristics, brand and reviews
Spring steel has found its wide application in auto and tractor construction. This steel is used to create parts such as springs. Features and benefits of the material. How to harden such a metal?
Novokuibyshevsk Oil Refinery. History and activities of the company
The oil industry is the basis for the successful development of the Russian economy. Much depends on the development of technologies and the timely modernization of plant capacities. Novokuibyshevsk Refinery is an example of an enterprise where each of these areas of activity is traditionally given exceptional attention
Seamless pipes - characteristics and applications
Seamless pipes are one of the main elements in the construction of industrial and building communication systems. Due to the absence of seams in the design of such parts, we can say that they are among the most durable of their kind. As practice shows, seamless pipes are indeed characterized by increased resistance to physical and mechanical stress, and therefore have high performance characteristics
Aspiration is an air purification system in hazardous industries
Aspiration is a set of technical means that removes suspended impurities from working areas in order to reduce their concentration, as well as their disposal. In other words, it is created so that people breathe easily, and production does not cause harm to the environment